Because greater than 80% of spontaneous cases of primary hyperparathyroidism are caused by a single adenoma, BCE of the neck, which has long been the approach of choice, is being replaced. Focused parathyroidectomy has been made possible by advances in preoperative parathyroid localization and IOPTH monitoring, which allows confirmation of cure and confirmation of the absence of MGD without visualizing all 4 parathyroids. Several techniques for focused parathyroidectomy exist, but open MIP through an incision of 2 to 3 cm with surgeon-administered locoregional anesthesia seems to improve on the already high success rate and low morbidity associated withimproe on bilateral exploration. In addition, MIP is associated with numerous secondary benefits such as decreased hospital cost, improved patient satisfaction, decreased operative time, and same-day discharge. Bilateral exploration will remain the standard of care for most patients with multigland or syndromic disease. Most patients with sporadic PHPT are candidates for MIP.