Predictive value of quantitative diffusion-weighted imaging and 18-F-FDG-PET in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated by (chemo)radiotherapy

Eur J Radiol. 2019 Apr:113:39-50. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2019.01.031. Epub 2019 Feb 4.

Abstract

Background and purpose: In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) (chemo)radiotherapy is increasingly used to preserve organ functionality. The purpose of this study was to identify predictive pretreatment DWI- and 18F-FDG-PET/CT-parameters for treatment failure (TF), locoregional recurrence (LR) and death in HNSCC patients treated by (chemo)radiotherapy.

Materials and methods: We retrospectively included 134 histologically proven HNSCC patients treated with (chemo)radiotherapy between 2012-2017. In 58 patients pre-treatment DWI and 18F-FDG-PET/CT were performed, in 31 patients DWI only and in 45 patients 18F-FDG-PET/CT only. Primary tumor (PT) and largest lymph node (LN) metastasis were quantitatively assessed for TF, LR and death. Multivariate analysis was performed for 18F-FDG-PET/CT and DWI separately and thereafter combined. In patients with both imaging modalities, positive and negative predictive value in TF and differences in LR and death, were assessed.

Results: Mean follow-up was 25.6 months (interquartile-range; 14.0-37.1 months). Predictors of treatment failure, corrected for TNM-stage and HPV-status, were SUVmax-PT, ADCmax-PT, total lesion glycolysis (TLG-LN), ADCp20-LN (P = 0.049, P = 0.024, P = 0.031, P = 0.047, respectively). TLG-PT was predictive for LR (P = 0.003). Metabolic active tumor volume (MATV-PT) (P = 0.003), ADCGTV-PT (P < 0.001), ADCSD (P = 0.048) were significant predictors for death. In patients with both imaging modalities SUVmax-PT remained predictive for treatment failure (P = 0.049), TLG-LN for LR (P = 0.003) and ADCGTV-PT for death (P < 0.001). Higher predictive value for treatment failure was found for the combination of SUVmax-PT and ADCmax-PT, compared to either one separately.

Conclusion: Both DWI- and 18F-FDG-PET/CT-parameters appear to have predictive value for treatment failure, locoregional recurrence and death. Combining SUVmax-PT and ADCmax-PT resulted in better prediction of treatment failure compared to single parameter assessment.

Keywords: DWI; Head and neck; MRI; PET; Prognosis; Squamous cell carcinoma.

Publication types

  • Evaluation Study

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / diagnostic imaging
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / pathology*
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / therapy
  • Chemoradiotherapy / methods
  • Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods
  • Female
  • Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
  • Head and Neck Neoplasms / diagnostic imaging
  • Head and Neck Neoplasms / pathology*
  • Head and Neck Neoplasms / therapy
  • Humans
  • Lymph Nodes / pathology
  • Lymphatic Metastasis
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / diagnostic imaging
  • Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / pathology
  • Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / therapy
  • Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography / methods
  • Radiopharmaceuticals
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck / diagnostic imaging
  • Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck / pathology*
  • Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck / therapy
  • Treatment Failure

Substances

  • Radiopharmaceuticals
  • Fluorodeoxyglucose F18