Objective: To perform an evidence-based review of the safety and efficacy of botulinum
neurotoxin (BoNT) in the treatment of movement disorders. Methods: A literature search was …

The role of botulinum toxin as a therapeutic agent is expanding rapidly in otolaryngology.
Botulinum toxin is a protease that blocks the release of acetylcholine from nerve terminals. Its …

The Neurolaryngology Study Group convened a multidisciplinary panel of experts in
neuromuscular physiology, electromyography, physical medicine and rehabilitation, neurology, and …

Abstract Analysis of 170 cases of paranasal sinus mucormycosis collected from the
literature and 9 cases of our own revealed a 50% mortality for this disease. When analyzed …

Medical treatment of dystonia usually results in an incomplete response and is frequently
unsuccessful. Peripheral surgical therapy is available for some focal dystonias, but may only …

Spastic dysphonia is a condition producing a strain‐strangle phonation. We have previously
classified most of these patients as having focal laryngeal dystonia, a disorder of central …

Spasmodic dysphonia is a focal laryngeal dystonia, with adductor, abductor, mixed,
respiratory and singer's types. Our series over 24 years includes 1300 patients. 82% are of the …

Objectives: This paper reviews a 12‐year experience in more than 900 patients with
spasmodic dysphonia who have been treated with botulinum toxin. Study Design: This is a …

Felix Semon's fascination with vocal fold paralysis led to his theory attributing medialization
to isolated abductor paralysis. Later, the Wagner-Grossman hypothesis explained the vocal …

As one ages, sensory discrimination in the oral cavity progressively diminishes, and
dysphagia and aspiration are more likely to occur. Whether similar age-related laryngeal and …