The ever present threat of viral, bacterial, protozoan and metazoan parasites in the
environment of wild animals is viewed as responsible for the natural selection of a variety of …

The most commonly recognized behavioral patterns of animals and people at the onset of
febrile infectious diseases are lethargy, depression, anorexia, and reduction in grooming. …

… males and subadult males (Hart & Hart 1988; Hart et al. 1992) and between two fawns as
well as between fawns and unrelated adult females (Mooring & Hart 1992). The pattern of …

This statement may be disputed by those who conceive the destruction of the enemy’s armed
force as the only sound aim in war, who hold that the only goal of strategy is battle, and …

Mammals live and thrive in environments presenting ongoing threats from parasites in the
form of biting flies, ticks and intestinal worms and from pathogens as wound contaminants and …

Wild vertebrate animals must live in an environment with the ever present threat of internal
and external parasites. This threat by macroparasites is responsible for the natural selection …

Oral grooming is common in cats, as in rodent and bovid species where grooming has been
shown to be effective in removing lice and ticks. In Experiment 1, we examined the …

… Alvarado & BL Hart 2005, unpublished data). This nest fumigation study in wood rats is a
mammalian counterpoint to a similar phenomenon in starlings where plants are woven into the …

Behavioural patterns involved in avoiding, repelling, or removing parasites allow mammalian
hosts to defend themselves from an array of parasites that threaten the host's fitness in the …

Among terrestrial mammals, elephants share the unique status, along with humans and
great apes, of having large brains, being long-lived and having offspring that require long …