In contrast to normal differentiated cells, which rely primarily on mitochondrial oxidative
phosphorylation to generate the energy needed for cellular processes, most cancer cells instead …

In multicellular organisms, homeostasis is maintained through a balance between cell
proliferation and cell death. Although much is known about the control of cell proliferation, less is …

… We thank members of the Thompson Laboratory, particularly Chao Lu and Lydia Finley, and
Anthony Mancuso for helpful discussions. The Thompson Laboratory is supported in part by …

A variety of mechanisms were offered to account for this phenotype, including the possibility
that deletion In recent years, a great deal has been learned about of CTLA-4 resulted in the …

Organismal homeostasis depends on an intricate balance between cell death and renewal.
Early pathologists recognized that this balance could be disrupted by the extensive damage …

We report the isolation of b&x, a b&2-related gene that can function as a bcl-24ndependent
regulator of programed ceil death (apoptosis). Alternative splicing results in two distinct b&x …

In animals, cells are dependent on extracellular signals to prevent apoptosis. However, using
growth factor-dependent cells from Bax/Bak-deficient mice, we demonstrate that apoptosis …

CD28 and CTLA-4 are related glycoproteins found on T cells. Ligation of CD28 following
antigen receptor engagement provides a costimulatory signal required for T cell activation. Anti-…

Mitochondrial physiology is disrupted in either apoptosis or necrosis. Here, we report that a
wide variety of apoptotic and necrotic stimuli induce progressive mitochondrial swelling and …

CD28 is a 44-kDa glycoprotein expressed as a homodimer on the surface of a major subset
of human T cells. Previous studies have demonstrated that the binding of monoclonal …