BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This study compared CT angiography (CTA), MR
angiography (MRA), and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in elucidating the size and …

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess the value of three-dimensional fast
imaging with steady-state precession (FISP) MR sequences relative to contrast-enhanced …

Angiographic and clinical data from 155 patients with carotid cavernous fistulae were
retrospectively reviewed to determine angiographic features associated with increased risk …

It is rare that a patient with a carotid cavernous sinus fistula (CCF) is referred to the
interventionalist with a good and exhaustive angiographic workup, providing all the …

Objective The purpose of this study was to observe image characteristics and hemodynamic
changes of carotid‐cavernous sinus fistulas (CCFs) and to evaluate the efficacy of …

This study assessed the ability to diagnose carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCFs) non-invasively
using magnetic resonance angiogrphy (MRA). Both three-dimensional time-of-flight (3-D …

Carotid cavernous sinus fistulas are abnormal communications between the carotid system
and the cavernous sinus. Several classification schemes have described carotid cavernous …

Background and Purpose—Patients with carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) may undergo direct
or indirect shunting. Ultrasonography has value that is complementary to angiography in the …

Carotid cavernous fistulas (CCFs) are abnormal communications between the carotid
arterial system and the cavernous sinus. CCFs are broadly classified as either direct or …

The objective of this study is to show rotational 3D angiography findings and their
usefulness in the occlusion of carotid cavernous fistulas (CCFs) using detachable balloons …