We reviewed the anatomy and embryology of the bridging and emissary veins aiming to
elucidate aspects related to the cranial dural arteriovenous fistulae. Data from relevant articles …

Purpose The descriptions of collateral circulation in moyamoya have so far been a mixture
of topography-based and vessels’ source-based analyses. We aimed to investigate the …

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the effect of treatment timing on procedural clinical outcomes after
aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) for patients treated by endosaccular coil …

The commonly used Borden and Cognard classification systems for the prediction of clinical
behavior of cranial dural arteriovenous shunts focus on the venous drainage, particularly …

This study aims to evaluate a single-center experience with endovascular treatment of
cranial dural arterievenous fistulae (CDAVF). The clinical and radiological records of 170 …

Leptomeningeal venous drainage of cranial dural arteriovenous fistulae is the most important
determinant of adverse clinical course. Factors that predispose to its occurrence have not …

Cranial dural arteriovenous fistulae have been classified into high- and low-risk lesions
mainly based on the pattern of venous drainage. Those with leptomeningeal venous drainage …

Background The types of cranial dural arteriovenous fistulae (cDAVFs) that constitute good
surgical candidates are unclear despite the use of classifications. We aimed to compare the …

Background In recent years, the number of ventriculoatrial (VA) shunt insertions has decreased
worldwide, the major cause being the risk of shunt infection. VA shunts remain as an …

The anastomotic network of the posterior circulation in children with moyamoya disease has
not been analyzed. We aimed to investigate the angiographic anatomy of this unique …