Dendritic spines, which receive most of the excitatory synaptic input in the cerebral cortex,
are heterogeneous with regard to their structure, stability and function. Spines with large …

… The formation of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG, 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine)
by oxygen radicals was first reported in 1984 by Kasai and Nishimura 1, 2. First of …

Recent studies show that dendritic spines are dynamic structures. Their rapid creation,
destruction and shape-changing are essential for short- and long-term plasticity at excitatory …

… f, h, Averaged time courses of spine-head volume for two-photon uncaging of MNI-glutamate
(circles, n = 40), neighbouring spines (green diamonds in h, n = 34), 2-Hz electrical …

8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) was detected in DNA isolated from HeLa cells after
the cells in tissue culture had been irradiated with X-rays and from the liver of mice after the …

Long-term potentiation (LTP) at glutamatergic synapses is considered to underlie learning
and memory and is associated with the enlargement of dendritic spines. Because the …

Dendritic spines serve as preferential sites of excitatory synaptic connections and are
pleomorphic. To address the structure–function relationship of the dendritic spines, we used two-…

… most of the above hydroxylating systems, but another reaction mechanism may also be
involved, particularly when dGuo is hydroxylated by ascorbic acid alone or ascorbic acid plus H 2 …

Dendritic spines are the major loci of synaptic plasticity and are considered as possible
structural correlates of memory. Nonetheless, systematic manipulation of specific subsets of …

Animal behaviors are reinforced by subsequent rewards following within a narrow time
window. Such reward signals are primarily coded by dopamine, which modulates the synaptic …