There is increasing concern that most current published research findings are false. The
probability that a research claim is true may depend on study power and bias, the number of …

Background Advances in human genetics could help us to assess prognosis on an individual
basis and to optimise the management of complex diseases. However, different studies on …

ContextThere is substantial debate about whether the results of nonrandomized studies are
consistent with the results of randomized controlled trials on the same topic.ObjectivesTo …

Objective To determine how often health surveys and quality of life evaluations reach different
conclusions from those of primary efficacy outcomes and whether discordant results make …

In response to overwhelming evidence and the consequences of poor-quality reporting of
randomized, controlled trials (RCTs), many medical journals and editorial groups have now …

The rapid growth of human genetics creates countless opportunities for studies of disease
association. Given the number of potentially identifiable genetic markers and the multitude of …

Context.—Medical evidence may be biased over time if completion and publication of
randomized efficacy trials are delayed when results are not statistically significant.Objective.—To …

ContextControversy and uncertainty ensue when the results of clinical research on the
effectiveness of interventions are subsequently contradicted. Controversies are most prominent …

Context Many biomarkers are proposed in highly cited studies as determinants of disease
risk, prognosis, or response to treatment, but few eventually transform clinical practice. …

Correctable weaknesses in the design, conduct, and analysis of biomedical and public
health research studies can produce misleading results and waste valuable resources. Small …