Background Oral fingolimod, a sphingosine-1-phosphate–receptor modulator that prevents
the egress of lymphocytes from lymph nodes, significantly improved relapse rates and end …

Background B lymphocytes are implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. We
aimed to assess efficacy and safety of two dose regimens of the humanised anti-CD20 …

Background Fingolimod (FTY720) is a new oral immunomodulating agent under evaluation
for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis. Methods We randomly assigned 281 …

Background No treatment has consistently shown efficacy in slowing disability progression
in patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS). We assessed the effect of …

New diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis integrating magnetic resonance image
assessment with clinical and other paraclinical methods were introduced in 2001. The “McDonald …

New evidence and consensus has led to further revision of the McDonald Criteria for diagnosis
of multiple sclerosis. The use of imaging for demonstration of dissemination of central …

Background Several controlled studies provide evidence that treatment with interferon beta
in patients with a first event suggestive of multiple sclerosis (MS) delays conversion to …

The 2010 McDonald criteria for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis are widely used in research
and clinical practice. Scientific advances in the past 7 years suggest that they might no …

Background Natalizumab is the first α 4 integrin antagonist in a new class of selective
adhesion-molecule inhibitors. We report the results of a two-year phase 3 trial of natalizumab in …

Accurate clinical course descriptions (phenotypes) of multiple sclerosis (MS) are important
for communication, prognostication, design and recruitment of clinical trials, and treatment …