T-cell activation and induction of interleukin-2 (IL-2) expression in human T lymphocytes
require both interaction of foreign antigen with the T-cell antigen receptor and protein kinase C (…

Object. The authors undertook a study to explore the predisposing risk factors, frequency of
occurrence, and clinical implications of kyphosis following laminectomy for cervical …

THE NONOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT of patients with Types II and III fractures of the
odontoid process consists of a prolonged course of cervical immobilization. The need for rigid …

OBJECTIVE: Cranioplasty using acrylic is a common procedure in patients with cranial
defects secondary to trauma, infection, or tumor. The limitations of this technique include poor …

Treatment of dissecting pseudoaneurysms of the distal cervical internal carotid artery with
preservation of the parent artery by using stents or coils has become routine. Tortuosity …

Carotid atheromatous disease is an important cause of stroke. Carotid endarterectomy (CEA)
is a well-established option for reducing the risk of subsequent stroke due to symptomatic …

We describe a percutaneous approach for cerebral surgical access. After lumbar puncture,
the spinal subarachnoid space was traversed by using standard angiographic guidewire …

Object The purpose of this paper was to demonstrate the usefulness of various fiberoptic
endoscopes for percutaneous intraspinal navigation of the spinal canal, posterior fossa, and …

A percutaneous technique for visualizing sacral nerve roots is described. A fiberscope was
inserted into the subarachnoid space through a sheath that was inserted via a percutaneous …

Percutaneous intraspinal navigation (PIN) is a new minimally invasive approach to the CNS.
The authors studied the utility of MR-guided intracranial navigation following access to the …