The protection against apoptosis provided by growth factors in several cell lines is due to
stimulation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase (PI(3)K) pathway, which results in activation …

Although Ca 2+ -stimulated cAMP response element binding protein– (CREB-) dependent
transcription has been implicated in growth, differentiation, and neuroplasticity, mechanisms …

Apoptosis plays an important role in delayed neuronal cell death after cerebral ischemia.
Activation of Akt/protein kinase B has been recently reported to prevent apoptosis in several …

Object To determine the indications for surgery in patients harboring asymptomatic
meningiomas, the authors retrospectively analyzed the natural course and surgical outcome of …

Background and Purpose— The cause of intracranial bleeding in moyamoya disease
patients is still unknown. To identify factors that contribute to bleeding, we assessed the …

The endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach through the bilateral nostrils was
evaluated for the treatment of pituitary adenoma. The surgical approach is through the bilateral …

In highly vascular malignant glioma, glioma cells themselves may express angiogenic
factors and induce angiogenesis. Recent studies have shown that novel angiogenic factors, …

Objective We report surgical results and complications of endoscopic endonasal skull base
surgery for giant pituitary adenomas. Methods This study included 34 pituitary adenomas >…

OBJECTIVE: The prevention of rebleeding is one of the most important issues in the successful
treatment of moyamoya disease with hemorrhagic onset. However, the natural course of …

Object Brain tumors are the most common solid tumors in children and their prognosis is
poor. Epidemiologic data from a population-based cancer registry provide the information …