Parkinsonism is a clinical syndrome comprising combinations of motor problems—namely,
bradykinesia, resting tremor, rigidity, flexed posture, “freezing,” and loss of postural reflexes. …

The word tremor is derived from the Latin tremere, meaning “to tremble.” Tremor can be
defined as involuntary oscillations of any part of the body around any plane, such oscillations …

Background Transplantation of human embryonic dopamine neurons into the brains of patients
with Parkinson's disease has proved beneficial in open clinical trials. However, whether …

Oxidant stress, due to the formation of hydrogen peroxide and oxygen‐derived free radicals,
can cause cell damage due to chain reactions of membrane lipid peroxidation. Because the …

We present a clinimetric assessment of the Movement Disorder Society (MDS)‐sponsored
revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS‐UPDRS). The MDS‐UDPRS …

Many of the motoric features that define Parkinson disease (PD) result primarily from the
loss of the neuromelanin (NM)-containing dopamine (DA) neurons of the substantia nigra (SN), …

Levodopa therapy, as originally established by George Cotzias [2, 3], is the most powerful
treatment for Parkinson’s disease (PD). Levodopa’s toxicity to neurons in vitro has raised …

Thirteen families have been described with an autosomal dominantly inherited dementia
named frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17) 1 , 2 , 3 …

This report describes the consensus outcome of an international panel consisting of investigators
with years of experience in this field that reviewed the definition and classification of …

Background Recent studies indicate an increased frequency of mutations in the gene
encoding glucocerebrosidase (GBA), a deficiency of which causes Gaucher's disease, among …