The Theory of p‐n Junctions in Semiconductors and p‐n Junction Transistors

W Shockley - Bell system technical journal, 1949 - Wiley Online Library
In a single crystal of semiconductor the impurity concentration may vary from p‐type to n‐type
producing a mechanically continuous rectifying junction. The theory of potential distribution …

Junction Transistors

W Shockley, M Sparks, GK Teal - Physical Review, 1951 - APS
The effects of diffusion of electrons through a thin p-type layer of germanium have been
studied in specimens consisting of two n-type regions with the p-type region interposed. It is …

A unipolar" field-effect" transistor

W Shockley - Proceedings of the IRE, 1952 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
… We shall denote the reverse biases at terminals 1 and 2 by W and W+AW, respectively.
These biases cause a current Iper unit length in the z-direction to flow from terminal 1 to terminal …

Problems related to pn junctions in silicon

W Shockley - Solid-State Electronics, 1961 - Elsevier
The phenomena of secondary ionization, avalanche breakdown and microplasma phenomena
in p-n junctions are analyzed using a simplified model in which holes and electrons have …

Statistics of the recombinations of holes and electrons

W Shockley, WT Read Jr - Physical review, 1952 - APS
… We now wish to consider the sum P(m) exp(2srimg) Xu'(w —2m.), found by locating these
Wannier functions on the atoms at positions 2evr. When we insert a'(w —2msr), as de6ned …

Deformation potentials and mobilities in non-polar crystals

J Bardeen, W Shockley - Physical review, 1950 - APS
The method of effective mass, extended to apply to gradual shifts in energy bands resulting
from deformations of the crystal lattice, is used to estimate the interaction between electrons …

Carrier generation and recombination in pn junctions and pn junction characteristics

CT Sah, RN Noyce, W Shockley - Proceedings of the IRE, 1957 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
… The ideal theory of a pn junction of Shockley accounts for the electrical … For example,
Shockley's ideal theory predicts a saturation current for the pn … RN Noyce, CT Sah, and W. …

Dislocation models of crystal grain boundaries

WT Read, W Shockley - Physical review, 1950 - APS
… ce between t ese from this, w ic … As the boun—dary moves to the right a distance W,
however, the — y dislocations move a distance W/p so that each y plane is cut …

Photon-radiative recombination of electrons and holes in germanium

W Van Roosbroeck, W Shockley - Physical Review, 1954 - APS
The spectral distribution of the rate of photon generation for the photon-radiative recombination
of electrons and holes in germanium is determined from known optical properties by …

Order-disorder transformations in alloys

FC Nix, W Shockley - Reviews of Modern Physics, 1938 - APS
Sometimes this is made by the addition of various quantities of metal 8 to metal A. It is found
that the crystals of the alloy are very like those of the pure metal save that upon some of the …