During the past few decades, there have been significant advances in the understanding of
spinal vascular lesions, mainly because of the evolution of imaging technology and selective …

Multiple classification systems have been created to separate spinal arteriovenous
malformations (AVMs) based on location, angioarchitecture, and size. The first classification …

BACKGROUND: Demographics, hemorrhage risk, and results of surgical and endovascular
treatment of spinal pial (type IV) arteriovenous fistulae (AVFs) across a large patient group …

Object Type I spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (SDAVFs) are low-flow vascular shunts fed
by radicular arteries in patients who most often present with myelopathy. Although some …

Introduction Perimedullary arteriovenous fistula (AVF) has shunt on the spinal cord surface
and it can be treated with surgery, or endovascular embolization. Intramedullary …

Introduction Spinal cord arteriovenous malformations and fistulae are rare vascular lesions
than can lead to myelopathy that is at many instances overlooked during diagnosing the …

Patients with Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome present with venous varices, cutaneous
capillary malformations, and tissue hypertrophy, usually involving an extremity. A small but …

Spinal arteriovenous malformations (sAVMs) are rare vascular lesions whose natural history
remains incompletely defined. Several classification schemes for sAVMs have evolved …

Spinal vascular malformations represent a complex group of entities whose treatment
paradigm continually evolves. Given the ever-increasing role of endovascular therapy, it is …

This study includes 20 patients with 21 spinal perimedullary fistulae. There were nine Type
IVa (42.8%) lesions, ten Type IVb (47.6%) and two Type IVc (9.5%) lesions. The dominant …