Importance The mechanisms driving neurodegeneration and brain atrophy in relapsing
multiple sclerosis (RMS) are not completely understood. Objective To determine whether …

Importance Emerging evidence suggests that progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA)
is a substantial contributor to long-term disability accumulation in relapsing-remitting …

Importance There is a lack of validated biomarkers for disability progression independent of
relapse activity (PIRA) in multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective To determine how serum glial …

… Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Cagol reported personal fees from Novartis (speaker
honoraria) outside the submitted work; and Dr Cagol is supported by the Horizon 2020 Eurostar …

Background and Objectives The choroid plexus has been shown to play a crucial role in
CNS inflammation. Previous studies found larger choroid plexus in multiple sclerosis (MS) …

Background and Objectives Progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) is a crucial
determinant of overall disability accumulation in multiple sclerosis (MS). Accelerated brain …

Intrathecal IgM production in multiple sclerosis is associated with a worse disease course.
To investigate pathogenic relevance of autoreactive IgM in multiple sclerosis, CSF from two …

Importance Mechanisms contributing to disability accumulation in multiple sclerosis (MS)
are poorly understood. Blood neurofilament light chain (NfL) level, a marker of neuroaxonal …

Importance Differential diagnosis of patients with seronegative demyelinating central
nervous system (CNS) disease is challenging. In this regard, evidence suggests that …

Background Retinal degeneration leading to optical coherence tomography (OCT) changes
is frequent in patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). Objective To investigate associations …