The hallmark of type 1 diabetes is specific destruction of pancreatic islet β-cells. Apoptosis
of β-cells may be crucial at several points during disease progression, initiating leukocyte …

… Benoist, and D. Mathis, unpublished data), and transcripts that had a strong Aire dependence
in MECs did not in DCs. Most directly, experiments on radiation/bone marrow chimeras …

Regulatory T cells (T reg cells) characterized by expression of the transcription factor Foxp3
play a key role in immune homeostasis. Rather than a monomorphic population strictly …

… Routinely, 85–90% of T reg cells are eliminated in the spleen and lymph nodes 2 d after
diphtheria toxin administration to these mice (MF, D. Littman, CB and DM, unpublished data), …

… Diane Mathis … Amy J Wagers, Amy J Wagers, Natasha Asinovski, Scott Davis, Marlys
Fassett, Markus Feuerer, Daniel HD Gray, Sokol Haxhinasto, Jonathan A Hill, Gordon Hyatt …

… with that of SPF mice (Figures S2D and S2E), and the activation state of peripheral cells
was similar under the two housing conditions (eg, Figure 2D). Also, there was no evident …

Humans expressing a defective form of the transcription factor AIRE (autoimmune regulator)
develop multiorgan autoimmune disease. We used aire- deficient mice to test the …

Antigen stimulation of immune cells activates the transcription factor NFAT, a key regulator
of T cell activation and anergy. NFAT forms cooperative complexes with the AP-1 family of …

Gut microbial induction of host immune maturation exemplifies host-microbe mutualism. We
colonized germ-free (GF) mice with mouse microbiota (MMb) or human microbiota (HMb) to …

Long recognized to be potent suppressors of immune responses, Foxp3 + CD4 + regulatory
T (Treg) cells are being rediscovered as regulators of nonimmunological processes. We …