BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Widespread brain structural changes are seen following
extended spaceflight missions. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether these …

The COVID-19 pandemic has presented a variety of challenges in the medical education
curriculum, one of which is the possible loss of summer and fall away rotations for fourth year …

Amniotic band syndrome (ABS) refers to the development of constrictive bands of fibrotic
tissue in utero. It can lead to a variety of clinical manifestations after delivery. There is much …

Raynaud phenomenon (RP) is a condition causing vasospasm in the fingers and toes of
patients that can have a significant negative impact on quality of life. This can lead to pain, …

There has been much conversation surrounding the United States Medical Licensing
Examination’s recent decision to transition Step 1 score reporting from a three-digit numeric score …

An 11–25% increase in total ventricular volume has been documented in astronauts following
spaceflight on the ISS. Given the approximately 2-year time interval between pre- and post…

Study Design. Retrospective case series. Objective. To investigate the efficacy and complication
profile of the use of paraspinous muscle flaps for closure of complex spinal wounds. …

Background Peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) are most commonly treated with direct nerve
repair procedures or nerve autografts. However, recent advancements in synthetic and vein …

Once established, lymphorrhea typically persists and can present as an external lymphatic
fistula. Lymphorrhea occurs in limbs with severe lymphedema, as a complication after …

Importance Head congestion is one of the most common somatic symptoms experienced by
astronauts during spaceflight; however, changes in the opacification of the paranasal …