Multiple mechanisms of tolerance are induced by oral antigen. Low doses favor active
suppression, whereas higher doses favor clonal anergy/deletion. Oral antigen induces T‐helper 2 …

… Epitopes of myelin basic protein M, Weiner HL. In situ … Weiner HL. Oral tolerance to myelin
basic patch dendritic cells … Weiner HL. The mucosal milieu creates tolerogenic dendritic cells …

… also been observed for low-dose oral tolerance (HL Weiner and T. Spahn, unpublished). As
… , but not high-dose oral tolerance (HL Weiner and LM Liu, unpublished). Commonly used …

On activation, T cells undergo distinct developmental pathways, attaining specialized properties
and effector functions. T-helper (T H ) cells are traditionally thought to differentiate into T …

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a cell-mediated autoimmune disease
that serves as an animal model for multiple sclerosis. Oral administration of myelin basic …

Microglia are myeloid cells of the CNS that participate both in normal CNS function and in
disease. We investigated the molecular signature of microglia and identified 239 genes and 8 …

CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells contribute to the maintenance of peripheral tolerance by
active suppression because their deletion causes spontaneous autoimmune diseases in mice. …

CD4 T helper precursor cells mature along two alternative pathways, Thl and Th2. Here we
show that these pathways are differentially activated by two costimulatory molecules, B7-1 …

Regulatory T cells (T reg ) expressing the transcription factor Foxp3 control the autoreactive
components of the immune system. The development of T reg cells is reciprocally related to …

Microglia play a pivotal role in the maintenance of brain homeostasis but lose homeostatic
function during neurodegenerative disorders. We identified a specific apolipoprotein E (APOE)…