Recent studies have shown that frontoparietal cortices and interconnecting regions in the
basal ganglia and the cerebellum are related to motor skill learning. We propose that motor …

Dendritic spines, which receive most of the excitatory synaptic input in the cerebral cortex,
are heterogeneous with regard to their structure, stability and function. Spines with large …

Recent studies have shown that multiple brain areas contribute to different stages and aspects
of procedural learning. On the basis of a series of studies using a sequence-learning task …

Differential geometry and topology have become essential tools for many theoretical physicists.
In particular, they are indispensable in theoretical studies of condensed matter physics, …

Autophagy is an intracellular bulk degradation process through which a portion of the
cytoplasm is delivered to lysosomes to be degraded 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 . Although the primary role of …

Follow‐up data were obtained for 96 cases of thymoma. The one‐year survival rate was
84.3%, the three‐year 77.1%, the five‐year 74.1%, and the ten‐year 57.1%. The five‐year …

We analyzed the effects of an FGF‐23 injection in vivo. FGF‐23 caused a reduction in serum
1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D by altering the expressions of key enzymes for the vitamin D …

The RNase III enzyme Dicer processes RNA into siRNAs and miRNAs, which direct a RNA-induced
silencing complex (RISC) to cleave mRNA or block its translation (RNAi). We have …

Background Most patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) have extensive-stage disease
at presentation, and prognosis remains poor. Recently, immunotherapy has demonstrated …

We report observation of size effects in the excited electronic properties of small, crystalline
CdS particles. We also theoretically model the leading small size correction terms applicable …