Microglia are myeloid cells of the CNS that participate both in normal CNS function and in
disease. We investigated the molecular signature of microglia and identified 239 genes and 8 …

The primary clinical outcome measure for evaluating multiple sclerosis in clinical trials has
been Kurtzke's expanded disability status scale (EDSS). New therapies appear to favourably …

Background No treatment has consistently shown efficacy in slowing disability progression
in patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS). We assessed the effect of …

The specific signals mediating the activation of microglia and astrocytes as a prelude to, or
consequence of, CNS inflammation continue to be defined. We investigated TLRs as novel …

Microglia play critical roles in brain development, homeostasis, and neurological disorders.
Here, we report that human microglial-like cells (iMGLs) can be differentiated from iPSCs to …

We have developed a series of mouse‐mouse neural hybrid cell lines by fusing the
aminopterin‐sensitive neuroblastoma N18TG2 with motor neuron‐enriched embryonic day 12–14 …

Objective To assess axonal damage and its contribution to disability at different stages of
multiple sclerosis (MS). Background Recent in vivo imaging and in situ pathologic studies have …

Objective The serum of most neuromyelitis optica (NMO) patients contains autoantibodies (NMO‐IgGs)
directed against the aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) water channel located on astrocyte foot …

It has been difficult to establish a strong correlation between total brain T2-weighted lesion
volume on MRI and clinical disability in multiple sclerosis, in part because of the lack of …

Both microglia, the resident myeloid cells of the CNS parenchyma, and infiltrating blood‐derived
macrophages participate in inflammatory responses in the CNS. Macrophages can be …