In Parkinson's disease, nigral dopaminergic neurones degenerate, whereas post‐synaptic
striatal target neurones are spared. In some atypical parkinsonian syndromes, both nigral and …

SEVERAL in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)
promotes survival of damaged mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons. Using a specific …

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although the subthalamic nucleus is the most frequently
used target for surgical treatment of Parkinson’s disease, the criteria on which it can be …

Hedgehog signaling has been linked to cell proliferation in a variety of systems; however, its
effects on the cell cycle have not been closely studied. In the vertebrate retina, Hedgehog's …

Behavioral analyses of mice intoxicated by the parkinsonian toxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6,-tetrahydropyridine
(MPTP) have generated conflicting results. We therefore analyzed the …

In 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) models of Parkinson's disease (PD),
dopaminergic (DA) neurons have been shown to die by apoptosis. Moreover, recent …

This anatomic study presents an analysis of the distribution of calbindin immunohistochemistry
in the human striatopallidal complex. Entire brains were sectioned perpendicularly to the …

Epidemiological studies have found a negative association between cigarette smoking and
Parkinson’s disease (PD). In order to analyze the putative neuroprotective effect of cigarette …

Continuous neurogenesis in the adult nervous system requires a delicate balance between
proliferation and differentiation. Although Wnt/β-catenin and Hedgehog signalling pathways …

Usher syndrome type 1 (USH1) causes combined hearing and sight defects, but how mutations
in USH1 genes lead to retinal dystrophy in patients remains elusive. The USH1 protein …