We take for granted the ability to fall asleep or to snap out of sleep into wakefulness, but these
changes in behavioral state require specific switching mechanisms in the brain that allow …

This mini-review article presents the remarkable progress that has been made in the past
decade in our understanding of the neural circuitry underlying the regulation of sleep-wake …

The glucocorticoid receptor (GR1), mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), progesterone receptor (PR),
and androgen receptor (AR) are classic members of the nuclear receptor superfamily, …

The sleep-wake cycle regulates interstitial fluid (ISF) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of
β-amyloid (Aβ) that accumulates in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Furthermore, chronic sleep …

The “ascending reticular activating system” theory proposed that neurons in the upper
brainstem reticular formation projected to forebrain targets that promoted wakefulness. More …

The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2017/18 is the third in this series of biennial
publications. This version provides concise overviews of the key properties of nearly 1800 human …

Human-mediated transport beyond biogeographic barriers has led to the introduction and
establishment of alien species in new regions worldwide. However, we lack a global picture of …

… Rapid effects may be mediated by the MR (C) or by a putative novel transmembrane receptor
(D) with consequent activation of downstream signaling pathways via phosphorylation (P). …

Razran reports experiments in classical conditioning with some feebleminded Ss. 2 Osipova
found that subnormal children formed conditioned responses to shock faster than normal …

… Not having a specimen of P. eremiana we showed people a faded specimen of P. bougainville
which lacked the distinctive stripes. When we had no specimen it was readily recognised …