Musculoskeletal pain is a challenging condition for both patients and physicians. Many adults
have experienced one or more episodes of musculoskeletal pain at some time of their lives…

The authors stated there was good evidence for transforaminal epidural injections for chronic
low back and lower extremity pain caused by disc herniation with radiculitis; the evidence …

… Christo is Associate Professor, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Director,
Multidisci… Christo receives support for his radio show in part by Medtronic and Boston Scientific. …

OBJECTIVE: To develop evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for interventional
techniques in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic spinal pain. METHODOLOGY: Systematic …

RESULTS: Part 2 of the guidelines on responsible opioid prescribing provides the following
recommendations for initiating and maintaining chronic opioid therapy of 90 days or longer. 1…

… Christo is Assistant Professor and Director, Multidisciplinary Pain Fellowship Program
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Division of Pain Medicine, Johns …

Advances in intrathecal analgesia and intrathecal drug delivery systems have allowed for a
range of medications to be used in the control of pain and spasticity. This technique allows …

Pain ranges in prevalence from 14–100% among cancer patients and occurs in 50–70% of
those in active treatment. Cancer pain may result from direct invasion of tumor into nerves, …

Background: Chronic axial spinal pain is one of the major causes of significant disability
and health care costs, with facet joints as one of the proven causes of pain. Objective: To …

Background: Even though opioids have been used for pain for thousands of years, opioid
therapy for chronic non-cancer pain is controversial due to concerns regarding the long-term …