Although chronic stress is known to be linked with memory and other neurological disorders,
little is known about the relationship between chronic stress and the onset or development …

Cancer cells can evade immune surveillance through the molecular interactions of immune
checkpoint proteins, including programmed death 1 (PD-1), PD-L1, and cytotoxic T …

In 2016 and 2017, monoclonal antibodies targeting PD-L1, including atezolizumab,
durvalumab, and avelumab, were approved by the FDA for the treatment of multiple advanced …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the deposition of aggregated beta-amyloid (Aβ),
which triggers a cellular stress response called the unfolded protein response (UPR). The …

Objective Adequate management of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is critical in patients
with traumatic brain injury (TBI), and decompressive craniectomy is widely used to treat …

BACKGROUND Delayed cranioplasty after decompressive craniectomy was performed using
various reconstruction materials and methods. Bone graft infection is a major concern with …

Immunosuppression is a characteristic feature of Toxoplasma gondii-infected murine hosts.
The present study aimed to determine the effect of the immunosuppression induced by T. …

The binding of the tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) to its cognate receptor initiates many immune
and inflammatory processes. The drugs, etanercept (Enbrel ® ), infliximab (Remicade ® )…

Teenage mothers are at high risk for maternal and neonatal complications. This study
aimed to evaluate the socioeconomic circumstances of teenage pregnancy, and determine …

OBJECTIVE: We retrospectively evaluated whether antiplatelet preparation lowered the
thromboembolic complication rate during the perioperative period. METHODS: We reviewed 328 …