In this review, we briefly summarize the main features and updates of each chapter of the
inaugural WHO Classification of Pediatric Tumors, including its rapid transition from a mostly …

Rapid developments in molecular genetic technology and research have swiftly advanced
our understanding of neuro-oncology. As a consequence, the WHO invited their expert panels …

Purpose: Focal cortical dysplasias (FCD) are localized regions of malformed cerebral cortex
and are very frequently associated with epilepsy in both children and adults. A broad …

Accurate pathological diagnosis is crucial for optimal management of patients with cancer.
For the approximately 100 known tumour types of the central nervous system, standardization …

Hippocampal sclerosis ( HS ) is the most frequent histopathology encountered in patients
with drug‐resistant temporal lobe epilepsy ( TLE ). Over the past decades, various attempts …

The fifth edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumours of the Central
Nervous System (WHO CNS5) published in 2021 builds on the 2016 edition and incorporates …

Background Detailed neuropathological information on the structural brain lesions underlying
seizures is valuable for understanding drug-resistant focal epilepsy. Methods We report …

Chordomas are malignant tumours that occur along the spine and are thought to derive from
notochordal remnants. There is significant morphological variability between and within …

Although sepsis is the major cause of mortality and morbidity in the critically ill, precise
mechanism(s) causing multiorgan dysfunction remain unclear. Findings of impaired oxygen …

Background International consensus recognises four medulloblastoma molecular subgroups:
WNT (MB WNT ), SHH (MB SHH ), group 3 (MB Grp3 ), and group 4 (MB Grp4 ), each …