CONCLUSION The main conclusion of this work is that the mag-netization of hysteretic high
field superconductors can be well understood in terms of one phenomenological parameter, …

Current genome-editing technologies introduce double-stranded (ds) DNA breaks at a target
locus as the first step to gene correction 1 , 2 . Although most genetic diseases arise from …

Leptin is a hormone secreted by adipocytes that plays a pivotal role in regulating food intake,
energy expenditure and neuroendocrine function 1 . Leptin stimulates the oxidation of fatty …

Numerous candidates attempting to replace Si-based flash memory have failed for a variety
of reasons over the years. Oxide-based resistance memory and the related memristor have …

Obesity is an epidemic in Western society, and causes rapidly accelerating rates of type 2
diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase, …

The earliest defect in developing type 2 diabetes is insulin resistance 1 , 2 , characterized by
decreased glucose transport and metabolism in muscle and adipocytes 3 , 4 . The glucose …

Protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP-1B) is a major protein-tyrosine phosphatase that has
been implicated in the regulation of insulin action, as well as in other signal transduction …

… and Kim et al.'&' have shown that it may be defined, in their experiments, in terms of …
This behavior has been verified by Kim et al.' First, we must define, if somewhat imperfectly, …

β cells sense glucose through its metabolism and the resulting increase in ATP, which
subsequently stimulates insulin secretion. Uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) mediates mitochondrial …

Mice lacking the protein-tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B are hypersensitive to insulin and
resistant to obesity. However, the molecular basis for resistance to obesity has been unclear. …