Accurate targeting of overactive muscles is fundamental for successful botulinum neurotoxin
(BoNT) injections in the treatment of spasticity. The necessity of instrumented guidance and …

Botulinum toxin (BT) therapy is used in neurology to treat muscle hyperactivity disorders
including dystonia, spasticity, cerebral palsy, hemifacial spasms and re-innervation …

An imaging-guided injection of a local anesthetic into the anterior scalene muscle (ASM)
and/or pectoralis minor muscle (PMM) is a well-established adjunct to clinical diagnosis in …

Objective Ultrasound (US) imaging is an essential tool for clinicians because of its cost-
effectiveness and accessibility for assessing multiple muscle metrics including muscle …

Neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (nTOS) is characterized by arm and hand pain,
paresthesias, and sometimes weakness resulting from compression of the brachial plexus …

Pain represents a foremost feature of neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (NTOS). Similar
to other persistent pain conditions, the physical discomfort associated with NTOS can cause …

Introduction Hyperactivity of the lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) is one of the presumed
mechanisms of the onset of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and explains why …

Objectives At our institute, we devised a clinical algorithm for diagnosis of neurogenic
thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS). Our approach assisted in the accurate diagnosis and in …

Neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (NTOS) represents a disorder believed to involve
compression of one or more neurovascular elements as they exit the thoracic outlet. This …

Botulinum toxin (BTX) injections into the musculature surrounding the brachial plexus have
been examined as a potential treatment for neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (nTOS) …