MRI is an invaluable diagnostic tool in the investigation and management of patients with
pathology of the head and neck. However, numerous technical challenges exist, owing to a …

OBJECTIVE The pathogenesis of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (icDAVFs) is
controversial. Cerebral vein thrombosis (CVT) and venous hypertension are recognized …

Gadolinium is a rare-earth metal of the lanthanide series; it is represented by the symbol Gd,
and its atomic number is 64. 1, 2 At room temperature, Gd is paramagnetic, meaning that it …

Abstract Background and Purpose Pulsatile tinnitus (PT) is the subjective sensation of a
pulse‐synchronous sound, most often due to a cerebrovascular etiology. PT can severely …

Prior studies have described high venous signal qualitatively using arterial spin labelling
(ASL) in patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA), consistent with arteriovenous shunting. We …

Background Image-quality assessment is a fundamental step before clinical evaluation of
magnetic resonance images. The aim of this study was to introduce a visual scoring system …

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: 4D contrast-enhanced MRA in the follow-up of treated
dural arteriovenous fistulas has rarely been evaluated. Our aim was to evaluate its …

Purpose Although intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) without retrograde
leptomeningeal venous drainage (Borden type I) is reported to have a benign nature, no …

AIM To evaluate the utility of silent magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in the diagnosis,
characterisation, and therapeutic planning of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) …

Tinnitus is abnormal perception of sound and has many subtypes. Clinical evaluation,
audiometry, and otoscopy should be performed before ordering any imaging, as the choice …