Since its initial reports in the 19th century, neuromyelitis optica (NMO) had been thought to
involve only the optic nerves and spinal cord. However, the discovery of highly specific anti …

The clinical use of MRI in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) has advanced markedly over
the past few years. Technical improvements and continuously emerging data from clinical …

Objective Gray matter (GM) damage and meningeal inflammation have been associated
with early disease onset and a more aggressive disease course in multiple sclerosis (MS) …

Spin‐echo‐based acquisitions are the workhorse of clinical MRI because they provide a
variety of useful image contrasts and are resistant to image artifacts from radio‐frequency or …

Destruction of oligodendrocytes and myelin sheaths in cortical gray matter profoundly alters
neural activity and is associated with cognitive disability in multiple sclerosis (MS). Myelin …

Activation of innate immune cells and other compartmentalized inflammatory cells in the
brains and spinal cords of people with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) and …

The growing interest in ultra-high field MRI, with more than 35.000 MR examinations already
performed at 7 T, is related to improved clinical results with regard to morphological as well …

The relevance of cortical grey matter pathology in multiple sclerosis has become
increasingly recognized over the past decade. Unfortunately, a large part of cortical lesions …

Oligodendrocytes (OLs) are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS) during
development and throughout adulthood. They result from a complex and well controlled …

Traditionally, multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered to be a disease primarily affecting the
white matter (WM). However, the development of some clinical symptoms such as cognitive …