Purpose Orbital inflammation can be idiopathic or in the context of a specific disease and it
can involve different anatomical orbital structures. On imaging, inflammatory disease is …

IgG4-related disease can involve nearly any organ system, including the central and
peripheral nervous systems. The pathology findings are consistent from organ to organ, but …

Background Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is an autoimmune condition, which is associated with
poor clinical outcomes including impaired quality of life and socio-economic status. Current …

Orbital inflammation is a response of the immune system and not a diagnosis in itself.
Exposing the underlying disease introduces a labyrynthine challenge owing to the broad …

Background The tendency of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) to form pseudotumors, as well
as its multisystemic nature, makes it the perfect mimicker of many conditions. Moreover …

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder in which hyperthyroidism results in various
systematic symptoms, with about 30% of patients presenting with Graves' eye disease …

Objectives To measure the frequency of infraorbital nerve enlargement (IONE) on magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) in European patients suffering from an IgG4-related ophthalmic …

IgG4-related disease is a systemic, inflammatory disorder typically involving multiple organ
systems. Several eponymous conditions described previously in the clinical and radiology …

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder
associated with fibrosis and abundant tissue lymphoplasmacytic infiltrations. It typically …

Aims To determine the long-term outcomes of ocular adnexal lesions in immunoglobulin G4-
related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD). Methods This retrospective, non-randomised …