BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Epiphora, or tearing due to primary acquired nasolacrimal
duct obstruction (PANDO), is increasingly being treated with balloon dilatation. The cause of …

Objective The bony nasolacrimal duct (BNLD) morphology as a contributory factor in primary
acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO) is still controversial. The objectives of this …

Objective: To measure any sex size differences in the bony nasolacrimal drainage systems
in a normal, agematched population. Methods: A retrospective study of axial cut maxillofacial …

Aims: To determine the diameters, angles and sectional area of the bony nasolacrimal canal
using computed tomography for obtaining detailed anatomical knowledge of the drainage …

Objectives To determine the diameters of the bony nasolacrimal canal and to evaluate how
they are affected by sex and age. Methods Standard axial sinus computed tomographic …

Purpose: Black Africans had been identified to have a lower prevalence of primary acquired
nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO). This has been attributed to the likely larger size of …

Background: The incidence of dacryocystorhinostomy surgery among Pacific People is
greater than would be expected given their proportion in the population. Some have …

Purpose: To compare the minimum diameter of the nasolacrimal canal and its location
between patients with or without primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) in a …

Purpose: To examine gender differences in bony nasolacrimal canal entrance diameters in
cadavers. Methods: Fifty-seven orbits from 29 Japanese cadavers (37 orbits from 19 men …

Purpose: To accurately characterize anatomical age, gender, and racial differences in
normal nasolacrimal canal morphology and to describe a new, accurate technique for …