Carotid-cavernous fistulas may be classified into:(1) internal carotid,(2) external carotid, or
(3) a combination of both. They may result from traumatic or spontaneous rupture of the …

The intraarterial treatment of carotid-cavernous fistulas can be carried out rationally by
considering a number of different factors. These include the site of the fistula, its size, its …

Of 165 cases of direct carotid cavernous fistula, 14 (8.5%) were treated from a transvenous
approach. Twelve of these were treated through the inferior petrosal sinus and one through …

From 1974 to 1986, 148 patients with carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) were evaluated for
intravascular therapy. Four patients died from hemorrhage before treatment could be …

✓ The author reports the occlusion of 33 carotid-cavernous fistulas in 31 patients using
thrombogenic techniques. In one patient the carotid artery had been occluded previously, in …

The most widely used technique for treatment of a carotid-cavernous fistula involves
embolization of the fistula with segmental occlusion of the internal carotid artery. An …

The use of detachable balloons for treating carotid cavernous sinus fistulas is increasing [1-
6]. Its success requires exact localization of the fistula site, which may not always be …

Four patients underwent transarterial embolization of a carotid-cavernous fistula with
Guglielmi detachable coils; in three cases as the initial form of treatment and in one case …

Fifteen cases of spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistulae, including 4 patients with
spontaneous cure and 8 treated with electrothrombosis, are reviewed. Careful angiographic …

Among 143 carotid cavernous fistulae, 10 cases could not be successfully treated by
standard endovascular techniques alone; some form of surgical assistance was required …