Pediatric bipolar disorder is a severe mental illness whose pathophysiology is poorly
understood and for which there is an urgent need for improved diagnosis and treatment. MR …

Pediatric bipolar disorder is a serious condition that affects a child's ability to function
normally during important developmental stages. Pediatric bipolar disorder often presents …

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) can have its onset
during childhood, but the diagnosis may be difficult to establish on the basis of clinical …

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) affords a noninvasive window on in vivo brain
chemistry and, as such, provides a unique opportunity to gain insight into the biochemical …

Bipolar disorder is a prevalent psychiatric disorder with a high rate of misdiagnosis and
evidence of degenerative progression. Research indicates that the interval between bipolar …

Bipolar disorder is a common, lifelong illness that typically begins in late adolescence. The
illness is implicated in functional impairment and represents an important risk factor for …

OBJECTIVE: The diagnosis of bipolar disorder in juveniles is controversial. This study was
designed to compare proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) in patients with …

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the anterior cingulate cortex
(ACC) glutamate/glutamine (Glx) to creatine ratio (Glx/Cr) in two groups of children with …

Background Previous studies of patients with bipolar disorder (BD) using magnetic
resonance spectroscopy (MRS) have shown neurophysiological abnormalities related to the …

Increasing numbers of youth are presenting for psychiatric evaluation with markedly irritable
mood plus “hyperarousal” symptoms. Diagnostically homeless in current nosology, the …