Combined Intraarterial/Intravenous Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke

References

1. ↵
   The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Study Group. Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 1995;333:1581-1587

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
2. ↵
   Hacke W, Kaste M, Fieschi C, et al. Intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for acute hemispheric stroke: the European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS). JAMA 1995;274:1017-1025

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
3. ↵
   Hacke W, Kaste M, Fieschi C, et al. Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of thrombolytic therapy with intravenous alteplase in acute ischaemic stroke (ECASS II). Lancet 1998;352:1245-1251

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
4. ↵
   Zeumer H, Freitag H-J, Zanella F, Thie A, Arning C. Local intra-arterial fibrinolytic therapy in patients with stroke: urokinase versus recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-TPA). Neuroradiology 1993;35:159-162

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
5. ↵
   Theron J, Coskun O, Huet H, Oliveira G, Toulas P, Payelle G. Local intraarterial thrombolysis in the carotid territory. Intervent Neuroradiol 1996;2:111-126
6. ↵
   Bendszus M, Urbach H, Ries F, Solymosi L. Outcome after local intra-arterial fibrinolysis compared with the natural course of patients with a dense middle cerebral artery on early CT. Neuroradiology 1998;40:54-58

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
7. ↵
   Gonner F, Remonda L, Mattle H, et al. Local intra-arterial thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 1998;29:1894-1900

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
8. ↵
   Endo S, Kuwayama N, Hirashima Y, Akai T, Nishijima M, Takaku A. Results of urgent thrombolysis in patents with major stroke and atherothrombotic occlusion of the cervical internal carotid artery. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1998;19:1169-1175

   Abstract
9. ↵
   Jensen O, von Kummer R, Forsting M, Hacke W, Sartor K. Thrombolytic therapy in acute occlusion of the intracranial internal carotid artery bifurcation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1995;16:1977-1986

   Abstract
10. ↵
    American Heart Association. Guidelines for thrombolytic therapy for acute stroke: a supplement to the guidelines for the management of patients with acute ischemic stroke: a statement for healthcare professionals from a special writing group of the Stroke Council, American Heart Association. Circulation 1996;4:1167-1174
11. ↵
    Haley EC Jr, Brott TG, Sheppard GL, et al. Pilot randomized trial of tissue plasminogen activator in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 1993;24:1000-1004

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
12. ↵
    Brott TG, Adams HP, Olinger CP, et al. Measurement of acute cerebral infarction: a clinical examination scale. Stroke 1989;20:864-870

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
13. ↵
    del Zoppo GJ, Poeck K, Pessin MS, et al. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in acute thrombotic and embolic stroke. Ann Neurol 1992;32:78-86

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
14. von Kummer R, Hacke W. Safety and efficacy of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator and heparin in acute middle cerebral artery stroke. Stroke 1992;22:646-652
15. ↵
    Chesebro JH, Knatterud G, Roberts R, et al. Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) trial, phase I: a comparison between intravenous tissue plasminogen activator and intravenous streptokinase: clinical findings through hospital discharge. Circulation 1987;76:142-154

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
16. ↵
    van Swieten JC, Koudstaal PJ, Visser MC, Schouten HJA, van Gijn J. Inter-observer agreement for the assessment of handicap in stroke patients. Stroke 1988;19:604-607

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
17. ↵
    Sussmann BJ, Fitch TSP. Thrombolysis with fibrinolysis in cerebral artery occlusion. JAMA 1958;167:1705-1709
18. ↵
    Donnan GA, Davis SM, Chambers BR, et al. Trials of streptokinase in severe acute ischemic stroke. Lancet 1995;345:578-579

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
19. Multicentre Acute Stroke Trial-Italy (MAST-I) Group. Randomised controlled trial of streptokinase, aspirin, and combination of both in treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Lancet 1995;346:1509-1514

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
20. Multicenter Acute Stroke Trial-Europe Study Group. Thrombolytic therapy with streptokinase in acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 1996;335:145-150

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
21. ↵
    Fisher M, Bogousslavsky J. Further evolution toward effective therapy for acute ischemic stroke. JAMA 1998;279:1298-1303

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
22. ↵
    Brott TG, Haley EC Jr, Levy DE, et al. Urgent therapy for stroke, part I: pilot study of tissue plasminogen activator administrated within 90 minutes. Stroke 1992;23:632-640

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
23. ↵
    Eisenberg PR, Sherman LA, Tiefenbrunn AJ, Ludbrook PA, Sobel BE, Jaffe AS. Sustained fibrinolysis after administration of t-PA despite its short half-life in the circulation. Thromb Haemost 1987;57:35-40

    PubMedWeb of Science
24. ↵
    Silver B, Weber J, Fisher M. Medical therapy for ischemic stroke: review. Clin Neuropharmacol 1996;19:101-128

    PubMedWeb of Science
25. ↵
    Culebras A, Kase CS, Masedu JC, et al. Practice guidelines for the use of imaging in transient ischemic attacks and acute stroke: a report of Stroke Council, American Heart Association. Stroke 1997;28:1480-1497

    FREE Full Text
26. ↵
    del Zoppo GJ, Higashida RT, Furlan AJ, et al. The prolyse in acute cerebral thromboembolism trial (PROACT): results of 6 mg dose tier. Stroke 1996;27:164

    Web of Science
27. Nakano S, Yokogami K, Ohta H, Yano T, Ohnishi T. Direct percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for acute middle cerebral artery occlusion. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1998;19:767-772

    Abstract
28. Levy DI. Endovascular treatment of carotid artery occlusion in progressive stroke syndromes: technical note. Neurosurgery 1998;42:186-193

    CrossRefPubMed
29. ↵
    Grond M, Stenzel C, Schmulling S, et al. Early intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke in a community-based approach. Stroke 1998;29:1544-1549

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
30. ↵
    Gunnar RM, Passamani ER, Bourdillon PDV, et al. Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on assessment of diagnostic and therapeutic cardiovascular procedures. J Am Coll Cardiol 1990;16:249-292

    PubMedWeb of Science
31. ↵
    Fassbender K, Dempfle CE, Mielke O, et al. Changes in coagulation and fibrinolysis markers in acute ischemic stroke treated with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. Stroke 1999;30:2101-2104

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
32. ↵
    Ueda T, Sakaki S, Kumon Y, Ohta S. Multivariable analysis of predictive factors related to outcome at 6 months after intra-arterial thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 1999;30:2360-2365

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
33. ↵
    Clark WM, Albers GW, Madden KP, Hamilton S, for the Thrombolytic Therapy in Acute Ischemic Stroke Study Investigators. The rtPA (Alteplase) 0- to 6-hour acute stroke trial, part A (A0276g). Stroke 2000;31:811-816

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
34. Herderschee D, Limburg M, van Royen EA, Hijdra A, Buller HR, Koster PA. Thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in acute ischemic stroke: evaluation with rCBF-SPECT. Acta Neurol Scand 1991;83:317-322

    PubMed
35. Grotta JC, Alexandrov AV. tPA-associated reperfusion after acute stroke demonstrated by SPECT. Stroke 1998;29:429-432

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
36. ↵
    Lewandowski CA, Frankel M, Tomsick TA, et al. Combined intravenous and intra-arterial r-TPA versus intra-arterial therapy of acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 1999;30:2598-2605

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
37. Kucinski T, Koch C, Grzyska U, Freitag H-J, Kromer H, Zeumer H. The predictive value of early CT and angiography for fatal hemispheric swelling in acute stroke. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1998;19:839-846

    Abstract
38. Wildermuth S, Knauth M, Brandt T, Winter R, Sartor K, Hacke W. Role of CT angiography in patient selection for thrombolytic therapy in acute hemispheric stroke. Stroke 1998;29:935-938

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
39. Kaps M, Link A. Transcranial sonographic monitoring during thrombolytic therapy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1998;19:758-760

    Abstract
40. Gillard JH, Oliverio PJ, Barker PB, Oppenheimer SM, Bryan RN. MR angiography in acute cerebral ischemia of the anterior circulation: a preliminary report. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1997;18:343-350

    Abstract