Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Images from the case of a 19-month-old patient with mild hydrocephalus and engorged scalp veins.
A, Sagittal view T1-weighted MR image shows the markedly enlarged median prosencephalic vein of Markowski, characteristic of VGAM (arrow). Arterial feeders can be seen along the anterior wall of the vein.
B, The complex arterial maze (arrows) is well seen on this conventional angiogram obtained with injection of the left vertebral artery. Coils can be seen along the right side of the varix, occluding several arterial feeders.
- Fig 2.
Images from the case of a 3-month-old triplet with worsening congestive heart failure.
A, Volume-rendered MR angiogram shows, from an inferior prospective, the arterial feeders supplying the lesion from the left side (arrows).
B, Carotid injection during arterial embolization procedure performed when the patient was 6 months old shows residual flow to the lesion from pericallosal and posterior choroidal arteries (arrowheads).
C, Coronal view fast spin-echo T2-weighted MR image obtained 6 years after embolization shows continued patency of the varix and mild enlargement of extra-axial fluid spaces.
Tables
- TABLE 1:
Clinical presentation and outcomes of 13 children with vein of Galenaneurysmal malformation
Patient No. Year of Diagnosis Age at Diagnosis Symptoms at Diagnosis Length of Follow-up (age) Outcome Score 1 1987 Neonate, full term CHF, hydrocephalus N/A 0 2 1989 13 years Hydrocephalus 5 years (18 years) 4 3 1991 Neonate, full term CHF 9 years (9 years) 4 4 1992 Neonate, pre-term CHF, hydrocephalus N/A 0 5 1993 5 months CHF, hydrocephalus 2 years (2.5 years) 4 6 1995 19 months Mild CHF, hydrocephalus 6.5 years (8 years) 4 7 1995 Neonate, triplet, 1481 Mild CHF 6 years (6 years) 4 8 1996 Neonate, twin, 32 weeks, gestation CHF 3 months 0 9 1999 Neonate, full term CHF 18 months 0 10 1999 Neonate, 37 weeks, gestation CHF 24 months (2 years) 1 11 2000 Neonate, 36 weeks, gestation CHF N/A 0 12 2000 4 months Hydrocephalus 6 months (10 months) 3 13 2001 4 months Hydrocephalus 19 months (2 years) 3 Note.— CHF indicates congestive heart failure; N/A, not applicable.
- TABLE 2:
Fistula classification, treatment variables, and outcomes for 13 children with vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation
Patient No. Lesion Classification Treatment Shunted? Outcome Score 1 Mural Arterial coils, venous coils, torcular approach N/A 0 2 Mural Arterial coils, arterial acrylic Yes 3 3 Choroidal Arterial coils, venous coils, arterial acrylic No 4 4 Choroidal Arterial coils, venous coils N/A 0 5 Mural Arterial coils Yes 4 6 Mixed (type III) Arterial coils, radiation therapy No 4 7 Mural Arterial coils, venous coils No 4 8 Mural Arterial coils, venous approach N/A 0 9 Choroidal Arterial coils, venous coils Yes 0 10 Choroidal Arterial coils, venous coils Yes 1 11 Mural Arterial coils N/A 0 12 Mural Arterial coils Yes 3 13 Choroidal Arterial coils Yes 3 Note.— N/A, not applicable.
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