Research ArticleSPINE
Laron Syndrome Abnormalities: Spinal Stenosis, Os Odontoideum, Degenerative Changes of the Atlanto-odontoid Joint, and Small Oropharynx
Liora Kornreich, Gadi Horev, Michael Schwarz, Boaz Karmazyn and Zvi Laron
American Journal of Neuroradiology April 2002, 23 (4) 625-631;
Liora Kornreich
Gadi Horev
Michael Schwarz
Boaz Karmazyn

References
- ↵Laron Z, Blum W, Chatelain P, et al. Classification of growth hormone insensitivity syndrome (editorial). J Pediatr 1993;122:241
- ↵Rosenfeld RG, Rosenbloom AL, Guevara-Aguirre J. Growth hormone (GH) insensitivity due to primary GH receptor deficiency. Endocr Rev 1994;15:369–390
- ↵
- ↵Laron Z, Klinger B, Eshet R, Kanety H, Karasik A, Silbergeld A. Laron syndrome due to a post-receptor defect: response to IGF-1 treatment. Isr J Med Sci 1993;29:757–763
- ↵Laron Z. Natural history of the classical form of primary growth hormone (GH) resistance (Laron syndrome). J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 1999;12:231–249
- ↵Remes VM, Heinanen MT, Kinnunen JS, Marttinen EJ. Reference values for radiological evaluation of cervical vertebral body shape and spinal canal. Pediatr Radiol 2000;30:190–195
- ↵Schwab RJ, Gupta KG, Gefter WB, Metzger LJ, Hoffman EA, Pack AI. Upper airway and soft tissue anatomy in normal subjects and patients with sleep-disordered breathing. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995;152:1673–1689
- ↵Laron Z, Pertzelan A, Mannheimer S. Genetic pituitary dwarfism with high serum concentration of growth hormone: a new inborn error of metabolism? Isr J Med Sci 1966;2:152–155
- ↵Laron Z, Pertzelan A, Karp M. Pituitary dwarfism with high serum levels of growth hormone. Isr J Med Sci 1968;4:883–894
- ↵Laron Z. Laron-type dwarfism (hereditary somatomedin deficiency): a review. In: Frick P, Von Harnack GA, Kochsiek GA, Prader A, eds. Advances in Internal Medicine and Pediatrics. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Verlag;1984 :117–150
- ↵Godowski PJ, Leung DW, Meacham LR, et al. Characterization of the human growth hormone receptor gene and demonstration of a partial gene deletion in 2 patients with Laron type dwarfism. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1989;86:8083–8087.
- ↵Scharf A, Laron Z. Skull changes in pituitary dwarfism and the syndrome of familial dwarfism with high plasma immunoreactive growth hormone: a roentgenologic study. Horm Metab Res 1972;4:93–97
- ↵Konfino R, Pertzelan A, Laron Z. Cephalometric measurements of familial dwarfism and high plasma immunoreactive growth hormone. Am J Orthod 1975;68:196–201
- ↵Klinger B, Laron Z. Three-year IGF-I treatment of children with Laron syndrome. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 1995;8:149–158
- ↵Vasil M, Baxova A, Kozlowski K. Radiographic abnormalities in Laron dwarfism. Pediatr Radiol 1994;24:260–262
- ↵Zapf J, Froesch ER. Insulin-like growth factor I actions on somatic growth. In: Kostyo J, Goodman J, eds. Handbook of Physiology: A Critical, Comprehensive Presentation of Physiological Knowledge and Concepts. vol 5. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press;1999 :663–669
- ↵Silverman FN, Byrd SE, Fitz CR. The skull, spine and central nervous system. In: Silverman FN, Kuhn JP, eds. Caffey’s Pediatric X-ray Diagnosis, 9th ed. St Louis, Mo: Mosby;1993 :116–125
- ↵
- ↵Dai LY, Yuan W, Ni B, Jia LS. Os odontoideum: etiology, diagnosis and management. Surg Neurol 2000;53:106–109
- ↵Heick A. Juvenile avascular necrosis of the odontoid process. Dan Med Bull 1996;43:363–366
- ↵Watanabe M, Toyama Y, Fujimura Y. Atlantoaxial instability in os odontoideum with myelopathy. Spine 1996;21:1435–1439
- ↵
- ↵
- ↵Kozak FK. Characteristics of normal and abnormal postnatal craniofacial growth and development. In: Cummings CW, ed. Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Imaging, 3rd ed. St Louis, Mo: Mosby;1998 :40–65
- ↵
- ↵Avrahami E, Englender M. Relation between CT axial cross-sectional area of the oropharynx and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in adults. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1995;16:135–140
- ↵Schwab RJ, Goldberg AN. Upper airway assessment: radiographic and other imaging techniques. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 1998;31:931–968
In this issue
Advertisement
Liora Kornreich, Gadi Horev, Michael Schwarz, Boaz Karmazyn, Zvi Laron
Laron Syndrome Abnormalities: Spinal Stenosis, Os Odontoideum, Degenerative Changes of the Atlanto-odontoid Joint, and Small Oropharynx
American Journal of Neuroradiology Apr 2002, 23 (4) 625-631;
0 Responses
Jump to section
Related Articles
- No related articles found.
Cited By...
- No citing articles found.
This article has not yet been cited by articles in journals that are participating in Crossref Cited-by Linking.
More in this TOC Section
Similar Articles
Advertisement