Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging: Technical Aspects and Clinical Applications, Part 2

References

1. ↵
   Haacke EM, Mittal S, Wu Z, et al. Susceptibility-weighted imaging: technical aspects and clinical applications, Part I. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol.2009;30:19–30

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
2. ↵
   Tong KA, Ashwal S, Obenaus A, et al. Susceptibility-weighted MR imaging: a review of clinical applications in children. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2008;29:9–17

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
3. ↵
   Brown AW, Elovic EP, Kothari S, et al. Congenital and acquired brain injury. Part 1. Epidemiology, pathophysiology, prognostication, innovative treatments, and prevention. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2008;89:S3–8

   CrossRefPubMed
4. ↵
   Tong KA, Ashwal S, Holshouser BA, et al. Hemorrhagic shearing lesions in children and adolescents with posttraumatic diffuse axonal injury: improved detection and initial results. Radiology 2003;227:332–39

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
5. ↵
   Tong KA, Ashwal S, Holshouser BA, et al. Diffuse axonal injury in children: clinical correlation with hemorrhagic lesions. Ann Neurol 2004;56:36–50

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
6. ↵
   Babikian T, Freier MC, Tong KA, et al. Susceptibility weighted imaging: neuropsychologic outcome and pediatric head injury. Pediatr Neurol 2005;33:184–94

   CrossRefPubMed
7. ↵
   Mannion RJ, Cross J, Bradley P, et al. Mechanism-based MRI classification of traumatic brainstem injury and its relationship to outcome. J Neurotrauma 2007;24:128–35

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
8. ↵
   Ashwal S, Babikian T, Gardner-Nichols J, et al. Susceptibility-weighted imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in assessment of outcome after pediatric traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006;87:S50–58

   PubMedWeb of Science
9. ↵
   Schellinger PD, Jansen O, Fiebach JB, et al. A standardized MRI stroke protocol: comparison with CT in hyperacute intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 1999;30:765–68

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
10. ↵
    Hermier M, Nighoghossian N. Contribution of susceptibility-weighted imaging to acute stroke assessment. Stroke 2004;35:1989–94

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
11. ↵
    Sehgal V, Delproposto Z, Haacke EM, et al. Clinical applications of neuroimaging with susceptibility-weighted imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 2005;22:439–50

    CrossRefPubMed
12. ↵
    Thomas B, Somasundaram S, Thamburaj K, et al. Clinical applications of susceptibility weighted MR imaging of the brain: a pictorial review. Neuroradiology 2008;50:105–16

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
13. ↵
    Wycliffe ND, Choe J, Holshouser B, et al. Reliability in detection of hemorrhage in acute stroke by a new three-dimensional gradient recalled echo susceptibility-weighted imaging technique compared to computed tomography: a retrospective study. J Magn Reson Imaging 2004;20:372–77

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
14. ↵
    Schellinger PD, Thomalla G, Fiehler J, et al. MRI-based and CT-based thrombolytic therapy in acute stroke within and beyond established time windows: an analysis of 1210 patients. Stroke 2007;38:2640–45

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
15. ↵
    Flacke S, Urbach H, Block W, et al. Perfusion and molecular diffusion-weighted MR imaging of the brain: in vivo assessment of tissue alteration in cerebral ischemia. Amino Acids 2002;23:309–16

    CrossRefPubMed
16. ↵
    Chalela JA, Haymore JB, Ezzeddine MA, et al. The hypointense MCA sign. Neurology 2002;58:1470

    FREE Full Text
17. ↵
    Hermier M, Nighoghossian N, Derex L, et al. MRI of acute post-ischemic cerebral hemorrhage in stroke patients: diagnosis with T2*-weighted gradient-echo sequences. Neuroradiology 2001;43:809–15

    CrossRefPubMed
18. ↵
    Kidwell CS, Saver JL, Villablanca JP, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging detection of microbleeds before thrombolysis: an emerging application. Stroke 2002;33:95–98

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
19. ↵
    Nighoghossian N, Hermier M, Adeleine P, et al. Old microbleeds are a potential risk factor for cerebral bleeding after ischemic stroke: a gradient-echo T2*-weighted brain MRI study. Stroke 2002;33:735–42

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
20. Coutts S, Frayne R, Sevick R, et al. Microbleeding on MRI as a marker for hemorrhage after stroke thrombolysis. Stroke 2002;33:1457–58

    FREE Full Text
21. ↵
    Chalela JA, Kang DW, Warach S. Multiple cerebral microbleeds: MRI marker of a diffuse hemorrhage-prone state. J Neuroimaging 2004;14:54–57

    PubMedWeb of Science
22. ↵
    Fazekas F, Kleinert R, Roob G, et al. Histopathologic analysis of loci of signal loss on gradient-echo T2*-weighted MR images in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: evidence of microangiopathy-related microbleeds. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1999;20:637–42

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
23. ↵
    Von Kummer R. MRI: the new gold standard for detecting brain hemorrhages. Stroke 2002;33:1748–49

    FREE Full Text
24. ↵
    Akter M, Hirai T, Hiai Y, et al. Detection of hemorrhagic hypointense foci in the brain on susceptibility-weighted imaging clinical and phantom studies. Acad Radiol 2007;14:1011–19

    CrossRefPubMed
25. ↵
    Greer DM, KoroshetzWJ, Cullen S, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging improves detection of intracerebral hemorrhage over computed tomography after intra-arterial thrombolysis. Stroke 2004;35:491–95

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
26. ↵
    Knopman DS. Cerebrovascular disease and dementia. Br J Radiol 2007;80:S121–27

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
27. ↵
    Haacke EM, DelProposto ZS, Chaturvedi S, et al. Imaging cerebral amyloid angiopathy with susceptibility-weighted imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2007;28:316–17

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
28. ↵
    Greenberg SM, Eng JA, Ning M, et al. Hemorrhage burden predicts recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage after lobar hemorrhage. Stroke 2004;35:1415–20

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
29. ↵
    Vernooij MW, van der Lugt A, Ikram MA, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of cerebral microbleeds: the Rotterdam Scan Study. Neurology 2008;70:1208–14

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
30. ↵
    Larsen JP, Britt W, Kido D, et al. Susceptibility weighted magnetic resonance imaging in evaluation of dementia. Radiology Case Reports 2007;2:102
31. ↵
    Joutel A, Corpechot C, Ducros A, et al. Notch3 mutations in CADASIL, a hereditary adult-onset condition causing stroke and dementia. Nature 1996;383:707–10

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
32. ↵
    Haacke EM, Cheng NY, House MJ, et al. Imaging iron stores in the brain using magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Imaging 2005;23:1–25

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
33. ↵
    Harder SL, Hopp KM, Ward H, et al. Mineralization of the deep gray matter with age: a retrospective review with susceptibility-weighted MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2008;29:176–83

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
34. ↵
    Jellinger KA. The role of iron in neurodegeneration: prospects for pharmacotherapy of Parkinson's disease. Drugs Aging 1999;14:115–40

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
35. Qian ZM, Wang Q. Expression of iron transport proteins and excessive iron accumulation of iron in the brain in neurodegenerative disorders. Brain Res Rev 1998;27:257–67

    CrossRefPubMed
36. Swaiman KF. Hallervorden–Spatz and brain iron metabolism. Arch Neurol 1991;48:1285–93

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
37. ↵
    Bakshi R, Shaikh ZA, Janardhan V. MRI T2 shortening (black T2) in multiple sclerosis: frequency, location, and clinical correlation. Neuroreport 2000;11:15–21

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
38. ↵
    Ogg RJ, Langston JW, Haacke EM, et al. The correlation between phase shifts in gradient-echo MR images and regional brain iron concentration. Magn Reson Imaging 1999;17:1141–48

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
39. ↵
    Haacke EM, Ayaz M, Khan A, et al. Establishing a baseline phase behavior in magnetic resonance imaging to determine normal vs. abnormal iron content in the brain. J Magn Reson Imaging 2007;26:256–64

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
40. ↵
    Qian ZM, Shen X. Brain iron transport and neurodegeneration. Trends Mol Med 2001;7:103–08

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
41. ↵
    Martin WR, Wieler M, Gee M. Midbrain iron content in early Parkinson disease: a potential biomarker of disease status. Neurology 2008;70:1411–17

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
42. ↵
    Schenck JF, Zimmerman EA, Li Z. High-field magnetic resonance imaging of brain iron in Alzheimer disease. Top Magn Reson Imaging 2006;17:41–50

    CrossRefPubMed
43. ↵
    McNeill A, Birchall D, Hayflick SJ. T2* and FSE MRI distinguishes four subtypes of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation. Neurology 2008;70:1614–19

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
44. ↵
    Schenck JF. Magnetic resonance imaging of brain iron. J Neurol Sci 2003;207:99–102

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
45. ↵
    Calabrese M, Filippi M, Rovaris M, et al. Morphology and evolution of cortical lesions in multiple sclerosis: a longitudinal MRI study. Neuroimage 2008;42:1324–28

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
46. ↵
    Tan IL, van Schijndel RA, Pouwels PJ, et al. MR venography of multiple sclerosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2000;21:1039–42

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
47. ↵
    Adams CW, Abdulla YH, Torres EM, et al. Periventricular lesions in multiple sclerosis: their perivenous origin and relationship to granular ependymitis. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 1987;13:141–52

    CrossRefPubMed
48. ↵
    Fog T. The topography of plaques in multiple sclerosis with special reference to cerebral plaques. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl 1965;15:1–161

    PubMed
49. ↵
    Ludwin SK. Understanding multiple sclerosis: lessons from pathology. Ann Neurol 2000;47:691–93

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
50. ↵
    Hammond KE, Lupo JM, Xu D, et al. Development of a robust method for generating 7.0 T multichannel phase images of the brain with application to normal volunteers and patients with neurological diseases. Neuroimage 2008;39:1682–92

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
51. ↵
    Haacke EM, Makki M, Ge Y, et al. Characterizing iron deposition in multiple sclerosis lesions using susceptibility weighted imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging.2009;29 In press
52. ↵
    Brouillard P, Vikkula M. Genetic causes of vascular malformations. Hum Mol Genet 2007;16:140–49

    CrossRef
53. ↵
    Reichenbach JR, Jonetz-Mentzel L, Fitzek C, et al. High-resolution blood oxygen-level dependent MR venography (HRBV): a new technique. Neuroradiology 2001;43:364–69

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
54. ↵
    Lee BC, Vo KD, Kido DK, et al. MR high-resolution blood oxygenation level-dependent venography of occult (low-flow) vascular lesions. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1999;20:1239–42

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
55. ↵
    Battistini S, Rocchi R, Cerase A, et al. Clinical, magnetic resonance imaging, and genetic study of 5 Italian families with cerebral cavernous malformation. Arch Neurol 2007;64:843–48

    CrossRefPubMed
56. ↵
    Lehnhardt FG, von Smekal U, Ruckriem B, et al. Value of gradient-echo magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of familial cerebral cavernous malformation. Arch Neurol 2005;62:653–58

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
57. ↵
    Haacke EM, Xu Y, Cheng YC, et al. Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI). Magn Reson Med 2004;52:612–18

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
58. ↵
    Rauscher A, Sedlacik J, Barth M, et al. Magnetic susceptibility-weighted MR phase imaging of the human brain. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2005;26:736–42

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
59. ↵
    de Souza JM, Domingues RC, Cruz LC, et al. Susceptibility-weighted imaging for the evaluation of patients with familial cerebral cavernous malformations; a comparison with T2-weighted fast spin-echo and gradient-echo sequences. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2008;29:154–58

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
60. ↵
    Abla A, Wait SD, Uschold T, et al. Developmental venous anomaly, cavernous malformation, and capillary telangiectasia: spectrum of a single disease. Acta Neurochir (Wien)2008;150:487–89. Epub 2008 Mar 26

    CrossRefPubMed
61. ↵
    Topper R, Jurgens E, Reul J, et al. Clinical significance of intracranial developmental venous anomalies. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1999;67:234–38

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
62. ↵
    Comi AM. Update on Sturge-Weber syndrome: diagnosis, treatment, quantitative measures, and controversies. Lymphat Res Biol 2007;5:257–64

    CrossRefPubMed
63. ↵
    Lee JS, Asano E, Muzik O, et al. Sturge-Weber syndrome: correlation between clinical course and FDG PET findings. Neurology 2001;57:189–95

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
64. Fischbein NJ, Barkovich AJ, Wu Y, et al. Sturge-Weber syndrome with no leptomeningeal enhancement on MRI. Neuroradiology 1998;40:177–80

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
65. ↵
    Reid DE, Maria BL, Drane WE, et al. Central nervous system perfusion and metabolism abnormalities in Sturge-Weber syndrome. J Child Neurol 1997;12:218–22

    FREE Full Text
66. ↵
    Juhasz C, Haacke EM, Hu J, et al. Multimodality imaging of cortical and white matter abnormalities in Sturge-Weber syndrome. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2007;28:900–06

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
67. ↵
    Hu J, Yu Y, Juhasz C, et al. MR susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) complements conventional contrast enhanced T1 weighted MRI in characterizing brain abnormalities of Sturge-Weber syndrome. J Magn Reson Imaging 2008;28:300–07

    CrossRefPubMed
68. ↵
    Mentzel HJ, Dieckmann A, Fitzek C, et al. Early diagnosis of cerebral involvement in Sturge-Weber syndrome using high-resolution BOLD MR venography. Pediatr Radiol 2005;35:85–90

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
69. ↵
    Shen Y, Kou Z, Kreipke CW, et al. In vivo measurement of tissue damage, oxygen saturation changes and blood flow changes after experimental traumatic brain injury in rats using susceptibility weighted imaging. Magn Reson Imaging 2007;25:219–27

    CrossRefPubMed
70. ↵
    Ameri A, Bousser MG. Cerebral venous thrombosis. Neurol Clin 1992;10:87–111

    PubMedWeb of Science
71. ↵
    Tang PH, Chai J, Chan YH, et al. Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis: subtle signs on neuroimaging. Ann Acad Med Singapore 2008;37:397–401

    PubMed
72. ↵
    Preter M, Tzourio C, Ameri A, et al. Long-term prognosis in cerebral venous thrombosis: follow-up of 77 patients. Stroke 1996;27:243–46

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
73. ↵
    Hinman JM, Provenzale JM. Hypointense thrombus on T2-weighted MR imaging: a potential pitfall in the diagnosis of dural sinus thrombosis. Eur J Radiol 2002;41:147–52

    CrossRefPubMed
74. ↵
    Serpa JA, Yancey LS, White AC. Advances in the diagnosis and management of neurocysticercocis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2006;4:1051–61

    CrossRefPubMed
75. ↵
    Wu Z, Mittal S, Kish K, et al. Identification of calcification with magnetic resonance imaging using susceptibility-weighted imaging: a case study. J Magn Reson Imaging 2009;29:177–82

    CrossRefPubMed
76. ↵
    Bagley LJ, Grossman RI, Judy KD, et al. Gliomas: correlation of magnetic susceptibility artifact with histologic grade. Radiology 1997;202:511–16

    PubMed
77. ↵
    Sehgal V, Delproposto Z, Haddar D, et al. Susceptibility-weighted imaging to visualize blood products and improve tumor contrast in the study of brain masses. J Magn Reson Imaging 2006;24:41–51

    CrossRefPubMed
78. Noebauer-Huhmann IM, Pinker K, Barth M, et al. Contrast-enhanced, high-resolution, susceptibility-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the brain: dose-dependent optimization at 3 tesla and 1.5 tesla in healthy volunteers. Invest Radiol 2006;41:249–55

    CrossRefPubMed
79. ↵
    Rauscher A, Sedlacik J, Fitzek C, et al. High resolution susceptibility weighted MR-imaging of brain tumors during the application of a gaseous agent. Rofo 2005;177:1065–69

    PubMed
80. ↵
    Christoforidis GA, Kangarlu A, Abduljalil AM, et al. Susceptibility-based imaging of glioblastoma microvascularity at 8 T: correlation of MR imaging and postmortem pathology. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2004;25:756–60

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
81. ↵
    Sharma S, Sharma MC, Gupta DK, et al. Angiogenic patterns and their quantitation in high grade astrocytic tumors. J Neurooncol 2006;79:19–30

    CrossRefPubMed
82. ↵
    Miller CR, Perry A. Glioblastoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2007;131:397–406

    PubMedWeb of Science
83. ↵
    Haddar D, Haacke E, Sehgal V, et al. Susceptibility weighted imaging: theory and applications[in French]. J Radiol 2004;85:1901–08

    PubMed
84. ↵
    Oot RF, New PF, Pile-Spellman J, et al. The detection of intracranial calcifications by MR. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1986;7:801–09

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
85. Avrahami E, Cohn DF, Feibel M, et al. MRI demonstration and CT correlation of the brain in patients with idiopathic intracerebral calcification. J Neurol 1994;241:381–84

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
86. ↵
    Tsuchiya K, Makita K, Furui S, et al. MRI appearances of calcified regions within intracranial tumors. Neuroradiology 1993;35:341–44

    CrossRefPubMed
87. ↵
    Runge VM, Schoerner W, Niendorf HP, et al. Initial clinical evaluation of gadolinium DTPA for contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Imaging 1985;3:27–35

    CrossRefPubMed
88. ↵
    Brant-Zawadzki M, Berry I, Osaki L, et al. Gd-DTPA in clinical MR of the brain: 1. Intraaxial lesions. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1986;147:1223–30

    PubMed