Cerebrovascular Reactivity Is a Main Determinant of White Matter Hyperintensity Progression in CADASIL

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Fig 1.
Association between baseline CVR and progression of white matter hyperintensities in MCs.

Table 1:

Demographics, flow, and MR imaging characteristics of the study population

	MC (n = 25)		NonMC (n = 13)
	Baseline	Follow-up	Baseline	Follow-up
Demographics
Male/female	11/14	11/14	7/6	7/6
Age (SD), years	42.2 (10)	49.4 (10)	36.7 (8)	43.8 (8)
Flow parameters
TCBF in mL/min (SD)	588 (128)^†	−	750 (179)	−
Cerebrovascular reactivity in % (SD)	67 (20)	−	68 (23)	−
MR imaging parameters
WMH volume in % (SD)	5.0 (3.9)^†	7.4 (5.3)^**	0.0	0.0
Infarct count (range)	6.2 (0–27)^†	9.9 (0–38)^**	0	0
Microbleed count (range)	1.6 (0–35)	3.2 (0–40)^*	0	0

Note:—MC indicates mutation carriers; NonMC, nonmutation carriers; TCBF, total cerebral blood flow; WMH, white matter hyperintensities. The 2-sample ttest is used for comparisons of age, TCBF, and CVR. The Mann-Whitney U test is used for baseline comparisons of WMH volume, infarcts, and microbleeds. The χ² test is used for male/female. CVR data are based on measurements in 14 MCs and 9 nonMCs.
* Difference (P < .05) between baseline and follow-up.
** Difference (P < .01) between baseline and follow-up.
† Difference (P < .01) between MCs and nonMCs at baseline.

Table 2:

Associations between baseline flow characteristics and progression of MR imaging abnormalities

	Lower TCBF	Higher TCBF	Lower CVR	Higher CVR
	(< 584 mL/min)	(≥ 584 mL/min)	(< 65%)	(> 65%)
	(n = 12)	(n = 13)	(n = 7)	(n = 7)
	Mean: 485	Mean: 683	Mean: 53%	Mean: 81%
	SD: 75	SD: 86	SD: 10%	SD: 17%
Δ WMHs in % (SD)	2.8 (2.7)	2.0 (1.6)	2.9 (1.5)	0.37 (0.03)^***
% Subjects with new infarcts	9/12 (75%)	9/13 (69%)	6/7 (86%)	3/7 (43%)
% Subjects with new microbleeds	4/12 (33%)	3/13 (23%)	2/7 (29%)	1/7 (14%)

Note:—CVR indicates cerebrovascular reactivity. The Student t test is used for WMHs; the Fisher Exact test, infarcts and microbleeds.
*** Difference (P < .001) between higher and lower.