Assessment of the Virchow-Robin Spaces in Alzheimer Disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Normal Aging, Using High-Field MR Imaging

References

1. 1.↵
   1. Virchow R

   . Ueber die Erweiterung kleinerer Gefaesse. Archiv Pathol Anat Physiol Klin Med 1851;3:427–62

   CrossRef
2. 2.↵
   1. Robin C

   . Recherches sur quelques particularite's de la structure des capillaires de l'encephale. J Physiol Homme Anim 1859;2:537–48
3. 3.↵
   1. Groeschel S,
   2. Chong WK,
   3. Surtees R,
   4. et al

   . Virchow-Robin spaces on magnetic resonance images: normative data, their dilatation, and a review of the literature. Neuroradiology 2006;48:745–54

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
4. 4.↵
   1. Kwee RM,
   2. Kwee TC

   . Virchow-Robin spaces at MR imaging. Radiographics 2007;27:1071–86

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
5. 5.↵
   1. Doubal FN,
   2. MacLullich AM,
   3. Ferguson KJ,
   4. et al

   . Enlarged perivascular spaces on MRI are a feature of cerebral small vessel disease. Stroke 2010;41:450–54

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
6. 6.↵
   1. Achiron A,
   2. Faibel M

   . Sandlike appearance of Virchow-Robin spaces in early multiple sclerosis: a novel neuroradiologic marker. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2002;23:376–80

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
7. 7.↵
   1. Matheus MG,
   2. Castillo M,
   3. Smith JK,
   4. et al

   . Brain MRI findings in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis types I and II and mild clinical presentation. Neuroradiology 2004;46:666–72

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
8. 8.↵
   1. Inglese M,
   2. Bomsztyk E,
   3. Gonen O,
   4. et al

   . Dilated perivascular spaces: hallmarks of mild traumatic brain injury. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2005;26:719–24

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
9. 9.↵
   1. Cumurciuc R,
   2. Guichard JP,
   3. Reizine D,
   4. et al

   . Dilation of Virchow-Robin spaces in CADASIL. Eur J Neurol 2006;13:187–90

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
10. 10.↵
    1. Adachi M,
    2. Hosoya T,
    3. Haku T,
    4. et al

    . Dilated Virchow-Robin spaces: MRI pathological study. Neuroradiology 1998;40:27–31

    CrossRefPubMed
11. 11.↵
    1. Patankar TF,
    2. Mitra D,
    3. Varma A,
    4. et al

    . Dilatation of the Virchow-Robin space is a sensitive indicator of cerebral microvascular disease: study in elderly patients with dementia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2005;26:1512–20

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
12. 12.↵
    1. Rouhl RP,
    2. van Oostenbrugge RJ,
    3. Knottnerus IL,
    4. et al

    . Virchow-Robin spaces relate to cerebral small vessel disease severity. J Neurol 2008;255:692–96

    CrossRefPubMed
13. 13.↵
    1. Mills S,
    2. Cain J,
    3. Purandare N,
    4. et al

    . Biomarkers of cerebrovascular disease in dementia. Br J Radiol 2007;80 ( spec no 2):S128–45

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
14. 14.↵
    1. Tan ZS,
    2. Beiser AS,
    3. Vasan RS,
    4. et al

    . Inflammatory markers and the risk of Alzheimer disease: the Framingham Study. Neurology 2007;68:1902–08

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
15. 15.↵
    1. Viswanathan A,
    2. Rocca WA,
    3. Tzourio C

    . Vascular risk factors and dementia: how to move forward? Neurology 2009;72:368–74

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
16. 16.↵
    1. Pollock H,
    2. Hutchings M,
    3. Weller RO,
    4. et al

    . Perivascular spaces in the basal ganglia of the human brain: their relationship to lacunes. J Anat 1997;191:337–46

    CrossRefPubMed
17. 17.↵
    1. Vital C,
    2. Julien J

    . Widespread dilatation of perivascular spaces: a leukoencephalopathy causing dementia. Neurology 1997;48:1310–13

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
18. 18.↵
    1. Weller RO,
    2. Boche D,
    3. Nicoll JA

    . Microvasculature changes and cerebral amyloid angiopathy in Alzheimer's disease and their potential impact on therapy. Acta Neuropathol 2009;118:87–102

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
19. 19.↵
    1. MacLullich AM,
    2. Wardlaw JM,
    3. Ferguson KJ,
    4. et al

    . Enlarged perivascular spaces are associated with cognitive function in healthy elderly men. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004;75:1519–23

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
20. 20.↵
    1. Weiner MW,
    2. Aisen PS,
    3. Jack CR Jr.,
    4. et al

    . The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative: progress report and future plans. Alzheimer's Dement 2010;6:201–11
21. 21.↵
    1. Jack CR Jr.,
    2. Bernstein MA,
    3. Fox NC,
    4. et al

    . The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI): MRI methods. J Magn Reson Imaging 2008;27:685–91

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
22. 22.↵
    1. Chen W,
    2. Song X,
    3. Zhang Y,
    4. et al

    . An MRI-based semiquantitative index for the evaluation of brain lesions in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2010;30:121–30

    CrossRefPubMed
23. 23.↵
    1. Patankar TF,
    2. Baldwin R,
    3. Mitra D,
    4. et al

    . Virchow-Robin space dilatation may predict resistance to antidepressant monotherapy in elderly patients with depression. J Affect Disord 2007;97:265–70

    CrossRefPubMed
24. 24.↵
    1. Roher AE,
    2. Kuo YM,
    3. Esh C,
    4. et al

    . Cortical and leptomeningeal cerebrovascular amyloid and white matter pathology in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Med 2003;9:112–22

    PubMedWeb of Science
25. 25.↵
    1. Hachinski V

    . Vascular behavioral and cognitive disorders. Stroke 2003;34:2775
26. 26.↵
    1. Del Ser T,
    2. Hachinski V,
    3. Merskey H,
    4. et al

    . Alzheimer's disease with and without cerebral infarcts. J Neurol Sci 2005;231:3–11

    CrossRefPubMed
27. 27.↵
    1. Cechetto DF,
    2. Hachinski V,
    3. Whitehead SN

    . Vascular risk factors and Alzheimer's disease. Expert Rev Neurother 2008;8:743–50

    CrossRefPubMed
28. 28.↵
    1. Broderick DF,
    2. Schweitzer KJ,
    3. Wszolek ZK

    . Vascular risk factors and dementia: how to move forward? Neurology 2009;73:1934–35

    FREE Full Text
29. 29.↵
    1. Barkhof F,
    2. Scheltens P

    . Imaging of white matter lesions. Cerebrovasc Dis 2002;13:S21–30
30. 30.↵
    1. Matsusue E,
    2. Sugihara S,
    3. Fujii S,
    4. et al

    . White matter changes in elderly people: MR-pathologic correlations. Magn Reson Med Sci 2006;5:99–104

    CrossRefPubMed
31. 31.↵
    1. Weller RO,
    2. Subash M,
    3. Preston SD,
    4. et al

    . Perivascular drainage of amyloid-beta peptides from the brain and its failure in cerebral amyloid angiopathy and Alzheimer's disease. Brain Pathol 2008;18:253–66

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
32. 32.↵
    1. Sasaki M,
    2. Ehara S,
    3. Tamakawa Y,
    4. et al

    . MR anatomy of the substantia innominata and findings in Alzheimer disease: a preliminary report. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1995;16:2001–07

    Abstract