Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Two DVAs with associated signal abnormality in a 5-year-old boy (A) and a 7-year-old boy (B). T1WI with contrast (arrow), FLAIR (outlined arrow), T2WI (block arrow), and gradient recalled-echo (arrowhead). A, Left frontal lobe DVA with juxtacortical depth, superficial venous drainage, and associated increased FLAIR and T2 signal abnormality. Note the lack of gradient recalled-echo hypointensity in the same region. B, Left parietal lobe DVA with periventricular depth, deep venous drainage, and associated signal abnormality.
- Fig 2.
DVA with associated signal abnormality (black arrows) and CM (open black arrows) in a 13-month-old boy. A, T1WI with contrast. B, FLAIR. C, T2WI. D, SWI. Right frontal lobe DVA with subcortical depth and bidirectional venous drainage (white arrows).
- Fig 3.
DVA in a 23-month-old boy with associated signal abnormality and parenchymal atrophy. A, T1WI with contrast. B, FLAIR. Left frontal lobe DVA with periventricular depth and deep venous drainage. Note the increased FLAIR and T2 signal abnormality with associated parenchymal atrophy.
- Fig 4.
Percentage signal abnormalities associated with DVAs by age group. n indicates the number of subjects in each age group.
- Fig 5.
FLAIR (A) and T1WI with contrast (B) show signal abnormality in the images of a 23-month-old boy, showing relative increased signal within the drainage territory of the DVA compared with normal contralateral myelinating white matter. Left frontal lobe DVA with periventricular depth and deep venous drainage.
- Fig 6.
DVA with a subtle decreased extent of signal abnormality on follow-up examination. Axial FLAIR images at 2 years (A) and 5 years (B) of age. Note subtle decreased signal intensity in the drainage territory of the DVA along the lateral aspect of the DVA draining vein.
Tables
Signal abnormalities related to subject age, sex, CM, and parenchymal atrophy
Signal Abnormality No Signal Abnormality Total P′ OR (95% CI)a P″ Total No. 26b 167c 193d Demographics Age 7.3 ± 5.5 [5.1–9.5] 11.4 ± 6.6 [10.4–12.4] 10.8 ± 6.6 [9.9–11.8] .003 0.84 (0.76–0.94) .001 Female 10 (38.5%) 75 (44.9%) 85 (44%) .538 0.94 (0.32–2.83) .918 Associated abnormalities Focal atrophy 5 (17.8%) 3 (1.8%) 8 (4.1%) <.001 17.1 (2.52–117) .004 CM 5 (19.2%) 7 (4.2%) 12 (6.2%) .003 19.3 (2.95–126) .002 Location .260 .589 Lobar 24 (92.3%) 129 (77.2%) 153 (79.3%) 1.0 Thalamus/BG 0 (0%) 6 (3.6%) 6 (3.1%) 0 (0–∞) Cerebellum/BS 2 (7.7%) 32 (19.2%) 34 (17.6%) 0.37 (0.05–2.49) Depth of draining vein .016 .909 Periventricular 8 (30.8%) 19 (11.4%) 27 (14%) 1.0 Subcortical 10 (38.5%) 60 (35.9%) 70 (36.3%) 0.73 (0.18–3.01) Juxtacortical 8 (30.8%) 88 (52.7%) 96 (49.7%) 0.81 (0.16–4.09) Direction of draining vein .001 .047 Superficial 9 (34.6%) 112 (67.1%) 121 (62.7%) 1.0 Deep 14 (53.8%) 52 (31.1%) 66 (34.2%) 5.21 (1.22–22.2) Both 3 (11.6%) 3 (1.8%) 6 (3.1%) 6.85 (0.84–56.0) Note:—BS indicates brain stem; BG, basal ganglia; P′, univariate analysis (t test or χ2 test); P″, multivariate logistic regression; brackets, 95% confidence interval for age.
↵a OR for age is expressed as the likelihood of signal abnormality with each additional year. OR for sex is expressed as the likelihood of signal abnormality for a female subject. ORs for focal atrophy and CM are expressed as the likelihood of signal abnormality in the presence of either associated abnormality. ORs for location, depth, and direction of draining vein are expressed as the likelihood of signal abnormality compared with the first DVA morphologic descriptor (eg, lobar, periventricular, superficial), defined as a baseline OR of 1.0.
↵b % is the percentage of DVAs with a certain characteristic or associated finding divided by the total number of DVAs with signal abnormality.
↵c % is the percentage of DVAs with a certain characteristic or associated finding divided by the total number of DVAs without signal abnormality.
↵d % is the percentage of DVAs with a certain characteristic or associated finding divided by the total number of DVAs.
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