Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging Improves the Diagnostic Accuracy of 3T Brain MRI in the Work-Up of Parkinsonism

REFERENCES

1. 1.↵
   2. Berardelli A,
   3. Wenning GK,
   4. Antonini A, et al

   . EFNS/MDS-ES/ENS [corrected] recommendations for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurol 2013;20:16–34

   CrossRefPubMed
2. 2.↵
   2. Brooks DJ

   . Morphological and functional imaging studies on the diagnosis and progression of Parkinson's disease. J Neurol 2000;247(suppl 2):11–18

   Web of Science
3. 3.↵
   2. Schrag A,
   3. Good CD,
   4. Miszkiel K, et al

   . Differentiation of atypical parkinsonian syndromes with conventional brain MRI. Neurology 2000;54:697–702

   CrossRef
4. 4.↵
   2. Mahlknecht P,
   3. Hotter A,
   4. Hussl A, et al

   . Significance of MRI in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. Neurodegener Dis 2010;7:300–18

   CrossRefPubMed
5. 5.↵
   2. Meijer FJ,
   3. Aerts MB,
   4. Abdo WF, et al

   . Contribution of conventional brain MRI to the differential diagnosis of parkinsonism: a 3-year prospective follow-up study. J Neurol 2012;259:929–35

   CrossRefPubMed
6. 6.↵
   2. Haacke EM,
   3. Xu Y,
   4. Cheng YC, et al

   . Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI). Magn Reson Med 2004;52:612–18

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
7. 7.↵
   2. Haacke EM,
   3. Cheng NY,
   4. House MJ, et al

   . Imaging iron stores in the brain using magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Imaging 2005;23:1–25

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
8. 8.↵
   2. Sehgal V,
   3. Delproposto Z,
   4. Haacke EM, et al

   . Clinical applications of neuroimaging with susceptibility-weighted imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 2005;22:439–50

   CrossRefPubMed
9. 9.↵
   2. Berg D,
   3. Hochstrasser H

   . Iron metabolism in Parkinsonian syndromes. Mov Disord 2006;21:1299–310

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
10. 10.↵
    2. Haacke EM,
    3. Ayaz M,
    4. Khan A, et al

    . Establishing a baseline phase behavior in magnetic resonance imaging to determine normal vs. abnormal iron content in brain. J Magn Reson Imaging 2007;26:256–64

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
11. 11.↵
    2. Harder SL,
    3. Hopp KM,
    4. Ward H, et al

    . Mineralization of the deep gray matter with age: a retrospective review with susceptibility-weighted MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2008;29:176–83

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
12. 12.↵
    2. Friedman A,
    3. Galazka-Friedman J,
    4. Koziorowski D

    . Iron as a cause of Parkinson disease: a myth or a well-established hypothesis? Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2009;15(suppl 3):212–14

    CrossRef
13. 13.↵
    2. Gupta D,
    3. Saini J,
    4. Kesavadas C, et al

    . Utility of susceptibility-weighted MRI in differentiating Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonian syndromes. Neuroradiology 2010;52:1087–94

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
14. 14.↵
    2. Wang Y,
    3. Butros SC,
    4. Shuai X, et al

    . Different iron-deposition patterns of multiple system atrophy with predominant parkinsonism and idiopathetic Parkinson diseases demonstrated by phase-corrected susceptibility-weighted imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2012;33:266–73

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
15. 15.↵
    2. Chaudhuri KR,
    3. Martinez-Martin P

    . Quantitation of non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurol 2008;15(suppl 2):2–7

    CrossRefPubMed
16. 16.↵
    2. Folstein MF,
    3. Robins LN,
    4. Helzer JE

    . The Mini-Mental State Examination. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1983;40:812

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
17. 17.↵
    1. Fahn S,
    2. Marsden CD,
    3. Calne D

    2. Fahn S,
    3. Elton RL

    . Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. In: Fahn S, Marsden CD, Calne D, eds. Recent Developments in Parkinson's Disease. Vol 2. Florham Park: MacMillan Healthcare Information; 1987:153–63
18. 18.↵
    2. Hoehn MM,
    3. Yahr MD

    . Parkinsonism: onset, progression, and mortality. Neurology 1967;17:427–42

    CrossRefPubMed
19. 19.↵
    2. Gelb DJ,
    3. Oliver E,
    4. Gilman S

    . Diagnostic criteria for Parkinson disease. Arch Neurol 1999;56:33–39

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
20. 20.↵
    2. Gilman S,
    3. Wenning GK,
    4. Low PA, et al

    . Second consensus statement on the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy. Neurology 2008;71:670–76

    CrossRef
21. 21.↵
    2. Litvan I,
    3. Agid Y,
    4. Calne D, et al

    . Clinical research criteria for the diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy (Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome): report of the NINDS-SPSP international workshop. Neurology 1996;47:1–9

    CrossRef
22. 22.↵
    2. McKeith IG,
    3. Dickson DW,
    4. Lowe J, et al

    . Consortium on DLB: diagnosis and management of dementia with Lewy bodies: third report of the DLB Consortium. Neurology 2005;65:1863–72

    CrossRefPubMed
23. 23.↵
    2. Boeve BF,
    3. Lang AE,
    4. Litvan I

    . Corticobasal degeneration and its relationship to progressive supranuclear palsy and frontotemporal dementia. Ann Neurol 2003;54(suppl 5):15–19

    CrossRef
24. 24.↵
    2. Zijlmans JC,
    3. Daniel SE,
    4. Hughes AJ, et al

    . Clinicopathological investigation of vascular parkinsonism, including clinical criteria for diagnosis. Mov Disord 2004;19:630–40

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
25. 25.↵
    2. Yekhlef F,
    3. Ballan G,
    4. Macia F, et al

    . Routine MRI for the differential diagnosis of Parkinson's disease, MSA, PSP, and CBD. J Neural Transm 2003;110:151–69

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
26. 26.↵
    2. Lee WH,
    3. Lee CC,
    4. Shyu WC, et al

    . Hyperintense putaminal rim sign is not a hallmark of multiple system atrophy at 3T. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2005;26:2238–42

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
27. 27.↵
    2. Hallgren B,
    3. Sourander P

    . The effect of age on the non-haemin iron in the human brain. J Neurochem 1958;3:41–51

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
28. 28.↵
    2. Martin WW,
    3. Ye FQ,
    4. Allen PS

    . Increasing striatal iron content associated with normal aging. Mov Disord 1998;13:281–86

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
29. 29.↵
    2. Drayer BP,
    3. Olanow W,
    4. Burger P, et al

    . Parkinson plus syndrome: diagnosis using high field MR imaging of brain iron. Radiology 1986;159:493–98

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
30. 30.↵
    2. Martin WR,
    3. Roberts TE,
    4. Ye FQ, et al

    . Increased basal ganglia iron in striatonigral degeneration: in vivo estimation with magnetic resonance. Can J Neurol Sci 1998;25:44–47

    PubMedWeb of Science
31. 31.↵
    2. Vymazal J,
    3. Righini A,
    4. Brooks RA, et al

    . T1 and T2 in the brain of healthy subjects, patients with Parkinson disease and patients with multiple system atrophy: relation to iron content. Radiology 1999;211:489–95

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
32. 32.↵
    2. Kraft E,
    3. Schwarz J,
    4. Trenkwalder C, et al

    . The combination of hypointense and hyperintense signal changes on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging sequences: a specific marker of multiple system atrophy? Arch Neurol 1999;56:225–28

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
33. 33.↵
    2. Kraft E,
    3. Trenkwalder C,
    4. Auer DP

    . T2*-weighted MRI differentiates multiple system atrophy from Parkinson's disease. Neurology 2002;59:1256–67
34. 34.↵
    2. Haller S,
    3. Badoud S,
    4. Nguyen D, et al

    . Differentiation between Parkinson disease and other forms of Parkinsonism using support vector machine analysis of susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI): initial results. Eur Radiol 2013;23:12–19

    CrossRefPubMed
35. 35.↵
    2. Collins SJ,
    3. Ahlskog JE,
    4. Parisi JE, et al

    . Progressive supranuclear palsy: neuropathologically based diagnostic clinical criteria. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1995;58:167–73

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
36. 36.↵
    2. Nandigam RN,
    3. Viswanathan A,
    4. Delgado P, et al

    . MR imaging detection of cerebral microbleeds: effect of susceptibility-weighted imaging, section thickness, and field strength. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2009;30:338–43

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
37. 37.↵
    2. Wardlaw JM,
    3. Brindle W,
    4. Casado AM, et al

    . A systematic review of the utility of 1.5 versus 3 Tesla magnetic resonance brain imaging in clinical practice and research. Eur Radiol 2012;22:2295–303

    CrossRefPubMed
38. 38.↵
    2. Martin WR,
    3. Wieler M,
    4. Gee M

    . Midbrain iron content in early Parkinson disease: a potential biomarker of disease status. Neurology 2008;70:1411–17

    CrossRef
39. 39.↵
    2. Rossi ME,
    3. Ruottinen H,
    4. Saunamäki T, et al

    . Imaging brain iron and diffusion patterns: a follow-up study of Parkinson's disease in the initial stages. Acad Radiol 2014;21:64–71

    CrossRefPubMed
40. 40.↵
    2. Blazejewska AI,
    3. Schwarz ST,
    4. Pitiot A, et al

    . Visualization of nigrosome 1 and its loss in PD: pathoanatomical correlation and in vivo 7 T MRI. Neurology 2013;81:534–40

    CrossRef
41. 41.↵
    2. Kwon DH,
    3. Kim JM,
    4. Oh SH, et al

    . Seven-Tesla magnetic resonance images of the substantia nigra in Parkinson disease. Ann Neurol 2012;71:267–77

    CrossRefPubMed
42. 42.↵
    2. Schwarz ST,
    3. Afzal M,
    4. Morgan PS, et al

    . The ‘swallow tail’ appearance of the healthy nigrosome: a new accurate test of Parkinson's disease—a case-control and retrospective cross-sectional MRI study at 3T. PLoS One 2014;9:e93814

    CrossRefPubMed
43. 43.↵
    2. Hughes AJ,
    3. Daniel SE,
    4. Ben Shlomo Y, et al

    . The accuracy of diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes in a specialist movement disorder service. Brain 2002;125:861–70

    Abstract/FREE Full Text