White Matter Alterations in the Brains of Patients with Active, Remitted, and Cured Cushing Syndrome: A DTI Study

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Figure.
Differences (P < .05) in DTI maps among all patients with CS and controls by using hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, central obesity, and body mass index as covariates.

Demographic and clinical characteristics of healthy controls and patients with active, remitted, and cured CS^{^a}

	Healthy Controls	Patients with Active CS	Patients with Remitted CS	Patients with Cured CS	F/χ²	P Value
Age (yr)	42.3 ± 10.4	41.9 ± 8.7	47.1 ± 10.0	41.4 ± 10.0	5.9	NS
Sex (M/F)	6:29	1:7	1:6	4:16	0.3	NS
Years of education	13.5 ± 3.4	14.4 ± 3.0	12.9 ± 2.3	13.4 ± 3.1	0.3	NS
24-Hour urinary free cortisol	133 ± 52	543 ± 307	152 ± 74	122 ± 75	26.3	<.001^{^b}
Smoking status (nonsmoker/smoker/ex-smoker)	12/12/11	7/1/0	2/4/1	9/5/6	10.4	NS
Disease duration (mo)	NA	77.6 ± 77.4	44.6 ± 21.9	64.6 ± 34.0	0.99	NS
Origin (pituitary/adrenal/ectopic/AIMAH)	NA	5/3/0/0	3/2/1/1	17/2/0/0	10.8	NS
Hypertension (no/yes)	35/0	4/4	3/4	13/7	20.9	<.001^{^c}
Hypercholesterolemia (no/yes)	31/4	7/1	7/0	17/3	1.2	NS
Hypertriglyceridemia (no/yes)	29/6	6/2	3/4	9/11	10.5	.015^{^d}
Central obesity (no/yes)	25/10	2/6	0/7	9/11	15.6	.001^{^e}
Body mass index^{^g} (no/overweight/obesity)	22/11/2	2/5/1	1/3/3	8/9/3	12.6	.049^{^f}

Note:—NS indicates not significant; AIMAH, ACTH-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia.
↵a Data are expressed as mean ± SD.
↵b Healthy controls vs active CS (<.001); active CS vs remitted CS (<.001); active CS vs cured CS (<.001).
↵c Healthy controls vs active CS (<.001); healthy controls vs remitted CS (<.001); healthy controls vs cured CS (<.001).
↵d Healthy controls vs remitted CS (.043); healthy controls vs cured CS (.006).
↵e Healthy controls vs active CS (.015); healthy controls vs remitted CS (.001).
↵f Healthy controls vs remitted CS (.015).
↵g Body mass index: normal, ≤25; overweight, 25–30; obesity, >30.