Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
The grade level taken as the mean of all readability scales examined in this study for the 10 top search results for each key term. The red box represents the AMA and NIH recommended 3rd-to-7th grade guidelines.
Tables
Formulas for the readability assessments
Readability Assessment Variables Algorithm Coleman-Liau Index L, average number of letters per 100 words (0.0588 × L) − (0.296 × S) − 15.8 S, average number of sentences per 100 words Flesch Reading Ease B, average number of syllables 206.835 − (84.6 × [B/W]) − (1.015 × [W/S]) W, average number of words per sentence S, average number of sentences Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level SY, average number of syllables per word (0.39 × W) + (11.8 × SY) − 15.59 W, average number of words per sentence FORCAST Formula SS, number of single-syllable words in a 150-word sample 20 − (SS/10) Fry Graph Average number of sentences and syllables per 100 words 1) Extract a 100-word passage 2) Count the number of sentences, counting half a sentence as 0.5 3) Count the number of syllables 4) Find the point on the chart (3 samples recommended) Gunning Fog Index S, number of sentences 0.4 × [W/S + ([C/W] × 100)] W, number of words C, number of words with ≥3 syllables New Dale-Chall AW, average number of words per sentence (0.1579 × U) + (0.0496 × AW) U, percentage of unfamiliar words New Fog Count C, number of complex words ([(E + [3 × C])/S] − 3)/2 E, number of easy words S, number of sentences Raygor Readability Estimate Average number of sentences 1) Extract a 100-word passage Long words (≥3 characters) per 100 words 2) Count the number of sentences, estimated to the nearest 10th 3) Count the number of words that are ≥6 letters 4) Find the point on the chart (3 samples recommended) SMOG C, average number of words with ±3 syllables 1.043 × √([C × (30/S)] + 3.1292) S, average number of sentences
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