Outcomes of Mechanical Thrombectomy in the Early
(<6-hour) and Extended (≥6-hour) Time Window Based Solely on Noncontrast CT and CT Angiography: A Propensity Score–Matched Cohort Study

References

1. 1.↵
   1. Goyal M,
   2. Menon BK,
   3. van Zwam WH, et al

   . Endovascular thrombectomy after large-vessel ischaemic stroke: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from five randomised trials. Lancet 2016;387:1723–31 doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00163-X pmid:26898852

   CrossRefPubMed
2. 2.↵
   1. Saver JL,
   2. Goyal M,
   3. Bonafe A, et al

   . Stent-retriever thrombectomy after intravenous t-PA vs. t-PA alone in stroke. N Engl J Med 2015;372:2285–95 doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1415061 pmid:25882376

   CrossRefPubMed
3. 3.↵
   1. Campbell BC,
   2. Mitchell PJ,
   3. Kleinig TJ, et al

   . Endovascular therapy for ischemic stroke with perfusion-imaging selection. N Engl J Med 2015;372:1009–18 doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1414792 pmid:25671797

   CrossRefPubMed
4. 4.↵
   1. Berkhemer OA,
   2. Fransen PSS,
   3. Beumer D, et al

   ; MR CLEAN Investigators. A randomized trial of intraarterial treatment for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 2015;372:11–20 doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1411587 pmid:25517348

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
5. 5.↵
   1. Bracard S,
   2. Ducrocq X,
   3. Mas JL, et al

   ; THRACE Investigators. Mechanical thrombectomy after intravenous alteplase versus alteplase alone after stroke (THRACE): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol 2016;15:1138–47 doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(16)30177-6 pmid:27567239

   CrossRefPubMed
6. 6.↵
   1. Goyal M,
   2. Menon BK,
   3. van Zwam WH, et al

   ; HERMES Collaborators. Endovascular thrombectomy after large-vessel ischaemic stroke: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from five randomised trials. Lancet 2016;387:1723–31 doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00163-X pmid:26898852

   CrossRefPubMed
7. 7.↵
   1. Powers WJ,
   2. Rabinstein AA,
   3. Ackerson T, et al

   . Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke: 2019 Update to the 2018 Guidelines for the Early Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke—a Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2019;50:e344–418 doi:10.1161/STR.0000000000000211 pmid:31662037

   CrossRefPubMed
8. 8.↵
   1. Albers GW,
   2. Marks MP,
   3. Kemp S, et al

   . Thrombectomy for stroke at 6 to 16 hours with selection by perfusion imaging. N Engl J Med 2018;378:708–18 doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1713973 pmid:29364767

   CrossRefPubMed
9. 9.↵
   1. Nogueira RG,
   2. Jadhav AP,
   3. Haussen DC, et al

   . Thrombectomy 6 to 24 hours after stroke with a mismatch between deficit and infarct. N Engl J Med 2018;378:11–21 doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1706442 pmid:29129157

   CrossRefPubMed
10. 10.↵
    1. Nogueira RG,
    2. Haussen DC,
    3. Liebeskind D, et al

    ; Trevo Registry and DAWN Trial Investigators. Stroke imaging selection modality and endovascular therapy outcomes in the early and extended time windows. Stroke 2021;52:491–97 doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.031685 pmid:33430634

    CrossRefPubMed
11. 11.↵
    1. Powers WJ,
    2. Derdeyn CP,
    3. Biller J, et al

    ; American Heart Association Stroke Council. 2015 American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Focused Update of the 2013 Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke Regarding Endovascular Treatment: a Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2015;46:3020–35 doi:10.1161/STR.0000000000000074 pmid:26123479

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
12. 12.↵
    1. von Kummer R,
    2. Broderick JP,
    3. Campbell BC, et al

    . The Heidelberg Bleeding Classification: classification of bleeding events after ischemic stroke and reperfusion therapy. Stroke 2015;46:2981–86 doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.115.010049 pmid:26330447

    FREE Full Text
13. 13.↵
    1. Santos T,
    2. Carvalho A,
    3. Cunha AA, et al

    . NCCT and CTA-based imaging protocol for endovascular treatment selection in late presenting or wake-up strokes. J Neurointerv Surg 2019;11:200–03 doi:10.1136/neurintsurg-2018-014051 pmid:30097484

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
14. 14.↵
    1. Albers GW

    . Late window paradox. Stroke 2018;49:768–71 doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.117.020200 pmid:29367336

    FREE Full Text
15. 15.↵
    1. Boned S,
    2. Padroni M,
    3. Rubiera M, et al

    . Admission CT perfusion may overestimate initial infarct core: the ghost infarct core concept. J Neuronterv Surg 2017;9:66–69 doi:10.1136/neurintsurg-2016-012494 pmid:27566491

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
16. 16.↵
    1. Hammond G,
    2. Luke AA,
    3. Elson L, et al

    . Urban-rural inequities in acute stroke care and in-hospital mortality. Stroke 2020;51:2131–38 doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.029318 pmid:32833593

    CrossRefPubMed
17. 17.↵
    1. Rebello LC,
    2. Bouslama M,
    3. Haussen DC, et al

    . Endovascular treatment for patients with acute stroke who have a large ischemic core and large mismatch imaging profile. JAMA Neurol 2017;74:34–40 doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2016.3954 pmid:27820620

    CrossRefPubMed
18. 18.↵
    1. Deb-Chatterji M,
    2. Pinnschmidt H,
    3. Flottmann F, et al

    ; GSR-ET Investigators. Predictors of independent outcome of thrombectomy in stroke patients with large baseline infarcts in clinical practice: a multicenter analysis. J Neurointerv Surg 2020;12:1064–68 doi:10.1136/neurintsurg-2019-015641 pmid:32107288

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
19. 19.↵
    1. Kakita H,
    2. Yoshimura S,
    3. Uchida K, et al

    ; RESCUE-Japan Registry 2 Investigators. Impact of endovascular therapy in patients with large ischemic core: subanalysis of recovery by endovascular salvage for Cerebral Ultra-Acute Embolism Japan Registry 2. Stroke 2019;50:901–08 doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.118.024646 pmid:31633899

    CrossRefPubMed
20. 20.↵
    1. Ospel J,
    2. Kappelhof M,
    3. Groot AE, et al

    . Combined effect of age and baseline Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score on post-thrombectomy clinical outcomes in the MR CLEAN Registry. Stroke 2020;51:3742–45 doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.031773 pmid:33092478

    CrossRefPubMed
21. 21.↵
    1. Kerleroux B,
    2. Janot K,
    3. Dargazanli C, et al

    ; JENI Research Collaborative. Perfusion imaging to select patients with large ischemic core for mechanical thrombectomy. J Stroke 2020;22:225–33 doi:10.5853/jos.2019.02908 pmid:32635686

    CrossRefPubMed
22. 22.↵
    1. Gautheron V,
    2. Xie Y,
    3. Tisserand M, et al

    . Outcome after reperfusion therapies in patients with large baseline diffusion-weighted imaging stroke lesions: a THRACE trial (Mechanical Thrombectomy After Intravenous Alteplase Versus Alteplase Alone After Stroke) subgroup analysis. Stroke 2018;49:750–53 doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.117.020244 pmid:29382803

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
23. 23.↵
    1. Xing PF,
    2. Zhang YW,
    3. Zhang L, et al

    . Higher baseline cortical score predicts good outcome in patients with low Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score treated with endovascular treatment. Neurosurgery 2021;88:612–18 doi:10.1093/neuros/nyaa472 pmid:33270112

    CrossRefPubMed
24. 24.↵
    1. Raychev R,
    2. Saber H,
    3. Saver JL, et al

    . Impact of eloquent motor cortex-tissue reperfusion beyond the traditional thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) scoring after thrombectomy. J Neurointerv Surg 2020 Dec 18. [Epub ahead of print] doi:10.1136/neurintsurg-2020-016834 pmid:33443113

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
25. 25.↵
    1. Peultier A-C,
    2. Pandya A,
    3. Sharma R, et al

    . Cost-effectiveness of mechanical thrombectomy more than 6 hours after symptom onset among patients with acute ischemic stroke. JAMA Netw Open 2020;3:e2012476 doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.12476 pmid:32840620

    CrossRefPubMed
26. 26.↵
    1. Peultier A-C,
    2. Redekop WK,
    3. Allen M, et al

    . Exploring the cost-effectiveness of mechanical thrombectomy beyond 6 hours following advanced imaging in the United Kingdom. Stroke 2019;50:3220–27 doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.119.026816 pmid:31637975

    CrossRefPubMed