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Clinical and Imaging Dagnostic Criteria to Differentiate Etiologies of Refractory Thrombectomy
ICAD IAD Recalcitrant Embolus Demographics Age ≥ 65 Years Age ≤ 55 Years Any age Presentations/Risk Factors ≥3 Vascular risk factors: hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, prior stroke/TIA, smoking Trauma, acute headache, neck pain Atrial fibrillation
Embolic infarcts:
>1 Vascular territory
Cardiac surgeryImaging Findings Multivessel disease
Peripheral vascular calcifications (extracranial and intracranial ICA)Intimal flap
Double lumenCalcified embolus Interventional Findings No stent normalization Stent normalization No stent normalization Residual stenosis >50% Residual stenosis <50% Residual stenosis >50%
>3 Passes
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