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Research ArticleHead & Neck
Open Access

Effects of COVID-19 on the Human Central Olfactory System: A Natural Pre-Post Experiment

E. Thunell, M.G. Peter, V. Lenoir, P. Andersson, B.N. Landis, M. Becker and J.N. Lundström
American Journal of Neuroradiology December 2022, 43 (12) 1777-1783; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A7713
E. Thunell
aFrom the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (E.T., M.G.P., J.N.L.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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  • ORCID record for E. Thunell
M.G. Peter
aFrom the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (E.T., M.G.P., J.N.L.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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V. Lenoir
bDiagnostic Department (V.L., M.B.), Division of Radiology
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P. Andersson
dStockholm University Brain Imaging Center (P.A., J.N.L.), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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B.N. Landis
cDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology (B.N.L.), Rhinology-Olfactology Unit, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
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M. Becker
bDiagnostic Department (V.L., M.B.), Division of Radiology
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J.N. Lundström
aFrom the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (E.T., M.G.P., J.N.L.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
dStockholm University Brain Imaging Center (P.A., J.N.L.), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
eMonell Chemical Senses Center (J.N.L.), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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  • FIG 1.
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    FIG 1.

    Illustration of the volumetric measurements of the left OB in a C19+ participant, in whom a decrease in OB volumes was observed 11 months after infection compared with the premeasure. The upper panel shows sagittal (A) and coronal (B) reconstructions of the high-resolution 3D T1WI sequence from the premeasure MR imaging with the left OB delineated in purple and the resulting computed OB volume (C). The corresponding data are shown for the postmeasure in the lower panel (D–F).

  • FIG 2.
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    FIG 2.

    Mean (bars) and individual (dots) OB volume change from the pre- to the poststudy for the C19 + and C19− groups. Error bars denote ±1 standard error of the mean.

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    FIG 3.

    Mean (bars) and individual (dots) pre- to postchange scores for GM volume within the C19 + and C19– groups, separately for each ROI. Error bars denote ±1 standard error of the mean. APC indicates anterior piriform cortex; PPC, posterior piriform cortex; OFC, orbitofrontal cortex.

Tables

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  • Self-reported acute and persisting chemosensory-related symptoms for all C19+ participants and demographic information. Rows indicate participants

    Age at Poststudy (yr)SexMonths since Infection at PoststudyAcute SymptomsRemaining SymptomsEstimated Sense of Smell Compared with Premeasure (%)
    31Female10Anosmia, ageusia–100
    35Female3Anosmia–100
    39Male7.5––100
    51Female12Anosmia, ageusiaWeaker sense of smell. Some things smell stronger; some weaker (eg, coffee); some completely different (eg, sweat smells like raw onion), more bitterness70
    50Female9.5Numbness in the mouth–100
    32Male3Anosmia, ageusiaWorsened sense of smell and taste, especially tip of the tongue80
    46Female0.75AnosmiaPoor taste and constant stale taste. Selective anosmia (eg, coffee, shampoo, wine, 3 test odors)50
    30Male3AnosmiaSlightly affected sense of smell87.5
    32Female11––100
    • Note:—– indicates none.

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American Journal of Neuroradiology: 43 (12)
American Journal of Neuroradiology
Vol. 43, Issue 12
1 Dec 2022
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Cite this article
E. Thunell, M.G. Peter, V. Lenoir, P. Andersson, B.N. Landis, M. Becker, J.N. Lundström
Effects of COVID-19 on the Human Central Olfactory System: A Natural Pre-Post Experiment
American Journal of Neuroradiology Dec 2022, 43 (12) 1777-1783; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A7713

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Effects of COVID-19 on Olfactory System
E. Thunell, M.G. Peter, V. Lenoir, P. Andersson, B.N. Landis, M. Becker, J.N. Lundström
American Journal of Neuroradiology Dec 2022, 43 (12) 1777-1783; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A7713
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