Cesarean Delivery Impacts Infant Brain Development

References

1. 1.↵
   World Health Organization Human Reproduction Programme, 10 April 2015. WHO Statement on caesarean section rates. Reprod Health Matters 2015;23:149–50 doi:10.1016/j.rhm.2015.07.007 pmid:26278843

   CrossRefPubMed
2. 2.↵
   2. Martin JA,
   3. Hamilton BE,
   4. Osterman MJ, et al

   . Births: final data for 2013. Natl Vital Stat Rep 2015;64:1–65

   PubMed
3. 3.↵
   2. Osterman MJ,
   3. Martin JA

   . Trends in low-risk cesarean delivery in the United States, 1990–2013. Natl Vital Stat Rep 2014;63:1–16

   PubMed
4. 4.↵
   Cesarean delivery on maternal request. Committee Opinion No. 559. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Obstet Gynecol 2013:121;904–7.

   CrossRefPubMed
5. 5.↵
   National Institutes of Health state-of-the-science conference statement: cesarean delivery on maternal request March 27–29, 2006. Obstet Gynecol 2006;107:1386–97 doi:10.1097/00006250-200606000-00027 pmid:16738168

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
6. 6.↵
   2. Barber EL,
   3. Lundsberg LS,
   4. Belanger K, et al

   . Indications contributing to the increasing cesarean delivery rate. Obstet Gynecol 2011;118:29–38 doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e31821e5f65 pmid:21646928

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
7. 7.↵
   2. Kozhimannil KB,
   3. Law MR,
   4. Virnig BA

   . Cesarean delivery rates vary tenfold among US hospitals; reducing variation may address quality and cost issues. Health Aff (Millwood) 2013;32:527–35 doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2012.1030 pmid:23459732

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
8. 8.↵
   2. Hasab Allah MF,
   3. El Adawy AR,
   4. Moustafa MF, et al

   . Effect of mode of delivery on children intelligence quotient at pre-school age in El-Minia City. J Am Sci 2012;8:1188–98
9. 9.↵
   2. Khadem N,
   3. Khadivzadeh T

   . The intelligence quotient of school aged children delivered by cesarean section and vaginal delivery. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res 2010;15:135–40 pmid:21589777

   PubMed
10. 10.↵
    2. Amiri S,
    3. Malek A,
    4. Sadegfard M, et al

    . Pregnancy-related maternal risk factors of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a case-control study. ISRN Pediatr 2012;2012:458064 doi:10.5402/2012/458064 pmid:22720167

    CrossRefPubMed
11. 11.↵
    2. Curran EA,
    3. Dalman C,
    4. Kearney PM, et al

    . Association between obstetric mode of delivery and autism spectrum disorder a population-based sibling design study. JAMA Psychiatry 2015;72:935–42 doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.0846 pmid:26107922

    CrossRefPubMed
12. 12.↵
    2. Curran EA,
    3. O'Neill SM,
    4. Cryan JF, et al

    . Research review: birth by caesarean section and development of autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder—a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2015;56:500–08 doi:10.1111/jcpp.12351 pmid:25348074

    CrossRefPubMed
13. 13.↵
    2. Talge NM,
    3. Allswede DM,
    4. Holzman C

    . Gestational age at term, delivery circumstance, and their association with childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2016;30:171–80 doi:10.1111/ppe.12274 pmid:26739771

    CrossRefPubMed
14. 14.↵
    2. Glasson EJ,
    3. Bower C,
    4. Petterson B, et al

    . Perinatal factors and the development of autism: a population study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2004;61:618–27 doi:10.1001/archpsyc.61.6.618 pmid:15184241

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
15. 15.↵
    2. Chien LN,
    3. Lin HC,
    4. Shao YH, et al

    . Risk of autism associated with general anesthesia during cesarean delivery: a population-based birth-cohort analysis. J Autism Dev Disord 2015;45:932–42 doi:10.1007/s10803-014-2247-y pmid:25256350

    CrossRefPubMed
16. 16.↵
    2. Dean DC 3rd.,
    3. Jerskey BA,
    4. Chen KW, et al

    . Brain differences in infants at differential genetic risk for late-onset Alzheimer disease: a cross-sectional imaging study. JAMA Neurol 2014;71:11–22 doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.4544 pmid:24276092

    CrossRefPubMed
17. 17.↵
    2. Li X,
    3. Andres A,
    4. Shankar K, et al

    . Differences in brain functional connectivity at resting-state in neonates born to healthy obese or normal-weight mothers. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016;40:1931–34 doi:10.1038/ijo.2016.166 pmid:27677619

    CrossRefPubMed
18. 18.↵
    2. Ou X,
    3. Thakali KM,
    4. Shankar K, et al

    . Maternal adiposity negatively influences infant brain white matter development. Obesity 2015;23:1047–54 doi:10.1002/oby.21055 pmid:25919924

    CrossRefPubMed
19. 19.↵
    2. Deoni SC,
    3. Dean DC,
    4. O'Muircheartaigh J, et al

    . Investigating white matter development in infancy and early childhood using myelin water faction and relaxation time mapping. Neuroimage 2012;63:1038–53 doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.07.037 pmid:22884937

    CrossRefPubMed
20. 20.↵
    2. Ou X,
    3. Andres A,
    4. Cleves MA, et al

    . Sex specific association between infant diet and white matter integrity in 8-y-old children. Pediatr Res 2014;76:535–43 doi:10.1038/pr.2014.129 pmid:25167204

    CrossRefPubMed
21. 21.↵
    2. Ou X,
    3. Andres A,
    4. Pivik RT, et al

    . Brain grey and white matter differences in healthy normal weight and obese children. J Magn Reson Imaging 2015;42:1205–13 doi:10.1002/jmri.24912 pmid:25865707

    CrossRefPubMed
22. 22.↵
    2. Ou X,
    3. Andres A,
    4. Pivik RT, et al

    . Voxel-based morphometry and fMRI revealed differences in brain gray matter in breastfed and milk formula-fed children. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2016;37:713–19 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A4593 pmid:26585259

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
23. 23.↵
    2. Ou X,
    3. Glasier CM,
    4. Ramakrishnaiah RH, et al

    . Impaired white matter development in extremely low-birth-weight infants with previous brain hemorrhage. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2014;35:1983–89 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A3988 pmid:24874534

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
24. 24.↵
    2. Smith SM,
    3. Jenkinson M,
    4. Johansen-Berg H, et al

    . Tract-based spatial statistics: voxelwise analysis of multi-subject diffusion data. Neuroimage 2006;31:1487–505 doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.02.024 pmid:16624579

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
25. 25.↵
    2. Smith SM,
    3. Nichols TE

    . Threshold-free cluster enhancement: addressing problems of smoothing, threshold dependence and localisation in cluster inference. Neuroimage 2009;44:83–98 doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.03.061 pmid:18501637

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
26. 26.↵
    2. Ou X,
    3. Glasier CM,
    4. Ramakrishnaiah RH, et al

    . Gestational age at birth and brain white matter development in term-born infants and children. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2017;38:2373–79 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A5408 pmid:29025726

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
27. 27.↵
    2. Reiss AL,
    3. Abrams MT,
    4. Singer HS, et al

    . Brain development, gender and IQ in children: a volumetric imaging study. Brain 1996;119:1763–74 doi:10.1093/brain/119.5.1763 pmid:8931596

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
28. 28.↵
    2. Gao W,
    3. Alcauter S,
    4. Smith JK, et al

    . Development of human brain cortical network architecture during infancy. Brain Struct Funct 2015;220:1173–86 doi:10.1007/s00429-014-0710-3 pmid:24469153

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
29. 29.↵
    2. Deoni SC,
    3. Mercure E,
    4. Blasi A, et al

    . Mapping infant brain myelination with magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurosci 2011;31:784–91 doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2106-10.2011 pmid:21228187

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
30. 30.↵
    2. Liu JH,
    3. Hwang WT,
    4. Dickerman B, et al

    . Regular breakfast consumption is associated with increased IQ in kindergarten children. Early Hum Dev 2013;89:257–62 doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2013.01.006 pmid:23395328

    CrossRefPubMed
31. 31.↵
    2. Taki Y,
    3. Hashizume H,
    4. Sassa Y, et al

    . Breakfast staple types affect brain gray matter volume and cognitive function in healthy children. PLoS One 2010;5:e15213 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0015213 pmid:21170334

    CrossRefPubMed
32. 32.↵
    2. Sibley BA,
    3. Etnier JL

    . The relationship between physical activity and cognition in children: a meta-analysis. Pediatric Exercise Science 2003;15:243–56 doi:10.1123/pes.15.3.243

    CrossRefWeb of Science
33. 33.↵
    2. Zimmerman FJ,
    3. Christakis DA

    . Children's television viewing and cognitive outcomes: a longitudinal analysis of national data. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2005;159:619–25 doi:10.1001/archpedi.159.7.619 pmid:15996993

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
34. 34.↵
    2. Dahl RE

    . The impact of inadequate sleep on children's daytime cognitive function. Semin Pediatr Neurol 1996;3:44–50 doi:10.1016/S1071-9091(96)80028-3 pmid:8795841

    CrossRefPubMed
35. 35.↵
    2. Curran EA,
    3. Khashan AS,
    4. Dalman C, et al

    . Obstetric mode of delivery and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a sibling-matched study. Int J Epidemiol 2016;45:532–42 doi:10.1093/ije/dyw001 pmid:27063604

    CrossRefPubMed
36. 36.↵
    2. Bäckhed F,
    3. Roswall J,
    4. Peng YQ, et al

    . Dynamics and stabilization of the human gut microbiome during the first year of life. Cell Host Microbe 2015;17:690–703 doi:10.1016/j.chom.2015.04.004 pmid:25974306

    CrossRefPubMed
37. 37.↵
    2. Penders J,
    3. Thijs C,
    4. Vink C, et al

    . Factors influencing the composition of the intestinal microbiota in early infancy. Pediatrics 2006;118:511–21 doi:10.1542/peds.2005-2824 pmid:16882802

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
38. 38.↵
    2. Dominguez-Bello MG,
    3. Costello EK,
    4. Contreras M, et al

    . Delivery mode shapes the acquisition and structure of the initial microbiota across multiple body habitats in newborns. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010;107:11971–75 doi:10.1073/pnas.1002601107 pmid:20566857

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
39. 39.↵
    2. Borre YE,
    3. O'Keeffe GW,
    4. Clarke G, et al

    . Microbiota and neurodevelopmental windows: implications for brain disorders. Trends Mol Med 2014;20:509–18 doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2014.05.002 pmid:24956966

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
40. 40.↵
    2. Hoban AE,
    3. Stilling RM,
    4. Ryan FJ, et al

    . Regulation of prefrontal cortex myelination by the microbiota. Transl Psychiatry 2016;6:e774 doi:10.1038/tp.2016.42 pmid:27045844

    CrossRefPubMed
41. 41.↵
    2. Simon-Areces J,
    3. Dietrich MO,
    4. Hermes G, et al

    . UCP2 induced by natural birth regulates neuronal differentiation of the hippocampus and related adult behavior. PLoS One 2012;7:e42911 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0042911 pmid:22905184

    CrossRefPubMed
42. 42.↵
    2. Seli E,
    3. Horvath TL

    . Natural birth-induced UCP2 in brain development. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2013;14:347–50 doi:10.1007/s11154-013-9262-8 pmid:23979530

    CrossRefPubMed
43. 43.↵
    2. Tremblay MÈ,
    3. Stevens B,
    4. Sierra A, et al

    . The role of microglia in the healthy brain. J Neurosci 2011;31:16064–69 doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4158-11.2011 pmid:22072657

    Abstract/FREE Full Text