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Research ArticleINTERVENTIONAL

Effect of Glacial Acetic Acid and Ethiodized Oil Concentration on Embolization with n-Butyl 2-Cyanoacrylate: An in Vivo Investigation

Matthew J. Gounis, Baruch B. Lieber, Ajay K. Wakhloo, Ralf Siekmann and L.N. Hopkins
American Journal of Neuroradiology June 2002, 23 (6) 938-944;
Matthew J. Gounis
aDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, FL
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Baruch B. Lieber
aDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, FL
bDepartment of Radiology, University of Miami, Miami, FL
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Ajay K. Wakhloo
bDepartment of Radiology, University of Miami, Miami, FL
cDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL
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Ralf Siekmann
dthe Center for Radiology, Giessen University, Giessen, Germany
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L.N. Hopkins
eDepartment of Neurosurgery, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
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Figures

  • Fig 1.
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    Fig 1.

    Digital subtraction angiograms show rabbit arteries with flow probe positions indicated (arrows).

    A, Femoral artery.

    B, Subclavian artery.

  • Fig 2.
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    Fig 2.

    Digital subtraction angiograms show different stages of the embolization procedure in a femoral artery.

    A, Injection begins as a drop of the glue mixture forms at the catheter tip.

    B, Midway through the embolization procedure, the glue mixture penetrates the ultrasonic beam of the flow probe.

    C, Glue mixture has completely polymerized, leading to flow cessation in the artery.

  • Fig 3.
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    Fig 3.

    Flow data acquired during embolization of the femoral artery of the rabbit after filtering. Thick black line depicts the reflected, optimized model fit superimposed on the filtered flow data. Model is representative of the mean flow.

  • Fig 4.
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    Fig 4.

    TEFA factors (σ) for the glue mixtures tested. Oil-NBCA ratios are provided in percent by volume, and indicated volume of GAA is per milliliter of NBCA. Error bars indicate standard error of the mean.

  • Fig 5.
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    Fig 5.

    Linear regression analysis performed on the TEFA factor (σ) plotted versus the quantity of GAA added to the glue mixture (per milliliter of NBCA). Plots are separated by the percent by volume of ethiodized oil compared with that of cyanoacrylate. Regression line (solid line) is shown in each plot, with corresponding equation and Pearson correlation coefficient provided. The 95% confidence interval lies between the dotted lines.

    A, 50:50.

    B, 65:35.

    C, 80:20.

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American Journal of Neuroradiology: 23 (6)
American Journal of Neuroradiology
Vol. 23, Issue 6
1 Jun 2002
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Cite this article
Matthew J. Gounis, Baruch B. Lieber, Ajay K. Wakhloo, Ralf Siekmann, L.N. Hopkins
Effect of Glacial Acetic Acid and Ethiodized Oil Concentration on Embolization with n-Butyl 2-Cyanoacrylate: An in Vivo Investigation
American Journal of Neuroradiology Jun 2002, 23 (6) 938-944;

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Effect of Glacial Acetic Acid and Ethiodized Oil Concentration on Embolization with n-Butyl 2-Cyanoacrylate: An in Vivo Investigation
Matthew J. Gounis, Baruch B. Lieber, Ajay K. Wakhloo, Ralf Siekmann, L.N. Hopkins
American Journal of Neuroradiology Jun 2002, 23 (6) 938-944;
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