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Research ArticlePEDIATRICS

Demonstration of Normal and Abnormal Fetal Brains Using 3D Printing from In Utero MR Imaging Data

D. Jarvis, P.D. Griffiths and C. Majewski
American Journal of Neuroradiology September 2016, 37 (9) 1757-1761; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4783
D. Jarvis
aFrom the Academic Unit of Radiology (D.J., P.D.G.)
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P.D. Griffiths
aFrom the Academic Unit of Radiology (D.J., P.D.G.)
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C. Majewski
bCentre for Advanced Additive Manufacturing (C.M.), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England.
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    Fig 1.

    Images of the 3D printed model produced via laser sintering from an in utero MR imaging study performed at 30 weeks' gestational age in a fetus with ventriculomegaly and an interhemispheric cyst recognized on ultrasonography, compared with an age-matched fetus with no brain abnormality. A 2D single-shot fast spin-echo image in the axial plane of the normal brain is shown (A), along with superior (B) and left lateral (C) views of the 3D printed model. D–F, The matching images from the fetus with agenesis of the corpus callosum and extra-axial cysts, which do not communicate with the ventricular system (type II cysts of Barkovich et al),7 are shown. Note that the orientation of the 2D image has been altered to match the 3D model for ease of interpretation. The left hemisphere contains widespread heterotopia, a feature that was confirmed at postmortem examination.

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    Fig 2.

    Images of the 3D printed models produced via laser sintering from 2 in utero MR imaging studies performed at 2 gestational ages in a fetus with lissencephaly compared with an age-matched fetus with no brain abnormality. A 2D single-shot fast spin-echo image in the axial plane of the normal brain at 22 weeks' gestation is shown (A), along with superior (B) and left lateral (C) views of the 3D printed model. The same format is shown for a healthy 30-week fetus (D–F) and the fetus with lissencephaly (G–L).

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    Fig 3.

    A 3D printed model produced via laser sintering with the internal anatomy of the brain shown from an attached 2D single-shot fast spin-echo image to produce a section of the fetal brain—superior (A) and oblique (B) projections.

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    Fig 4.

    Dual-material 3D printed brain produced on an Objet Connex 500 jetting system (manufactured courtesy of Professor Richard Bibb, Loughborough Design School, Loughborough, UK). Separate STereoLithography files were exported from 3D Slicer, one consisting of the segmented entire ventricular system and the other of part of the brain parenchyma. The ventricular system is printed in the same white material as the other brains, while the parenchyma is printed in a clear material. The superior (A), inferior (B), and left lateral (C) views show the relationship between the ventricles and brain to advantage.

Tables

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  • Imaging sequence parameters for the 3D FIESTA acquisition

    3D FIESTA Steady-State Balanced Gradient-Echo
    TR (ms)4.2
    TE (ms)2.1
    Flip angle60°
    Bandwidth (Hz)125
    NEX0.75
    Section thickness/gap (mm)2.2/0
    No. of partitions26
    FOV (mm)340 × 270
    Matrix size320/256
    Interpolation phase/secondary phaseZIP 512/ ZIP 2
    Scan time (sec)21
    • Note:—ZIP indicates interpolation values.

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American Journal of Neuroradiology: 37 (9)
American Journal of Neuroradiology
Vol. 37, Issue 9
1 Sep 2016
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Cite this article
D. Jarvis, P.D. Griffiths, C. Majewski
Demonstration of Normal and Abnormal Fetal Brains Using 3D Printing from In Utero MR Imaging Data
American Journal of Neuroradiology Sep 2016, 37 (9) 1757-1761; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A4783

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Demonstration of Normal and Abnormal Fetal Brains Using 3D Printing from In Utero MR Imaging Data
D. Jarvis, P.D. Griffiths, C. Majewski
American Journal of Neuroradiology Sep 2016, 37 (9) 1757-1761; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A4783
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    Frontiers in Pediatrics 2020 7
  • Fetal neuroimaging: an update on technical advances and clinical findings
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  • Clinical applications of 3D volume MR imaging of the fetal brainin utero
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    Prenatal Diagnosis 2017 37 6
  • External surface anatomy of the postfolding human embryo: Computer‐aided, three‐dimensional reconstruction of printable digital specimens
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    Journal of Anatomy 2021 239 6
  • Feasibility Analysis of 3D Printing With Prenatal Ultrasound for the Diagnosis of Fetal Abnormalities
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  • Craniofacial phenotyping with fetal MRI: a feasibility study of 3D visualisation, segmentation, surface-rendered and physical models
    Jacqueline Matthew, Alena Uus, Leah De Souza, Robert Wright, Abi Fukami-Gartner, Gema Priego, Carlo Saija, Maria Deprez, Alexia Egloff Collado, Jana Hutter, Lisa Story, Christina Malamateniou, Kawal Rhode, Jo Hajnal, Mary A. Rutherford
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